The prevalence and psychological relation of problem shopping: data from a large-scale sample from Turkey

Background The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively examine the measurement aspects, the prevalence, and the psychological correlates of problem shopping among a large-scale national sample of Turkish adults. Result Participants (N = 24,380, 50% men, M age = 31.79 years, age range = 18–81 years) completed a questionnaire that comprised the Shopping Addiction Risk Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. Results showed that 1.8% of the participants had probable shopping addiction. Being female, being younger, psychiatric distress, positive affect, negative affect, anxious attachment, and avoidant attachment were positive correlates of problem shopping. Conclusion The results of this large sample size study suggest that shopping addiction is not a rare condition in Turkey. Further research is needed to understand different motives that underlie the problematic shopping behavior in the young and female population in comparison to older and male populations. Preventive programs or any interventions for people with PSB needs to address regulation difficulties and development of healthy strategies to cope with psychiatric distress.

An Empirical Analysis of Psychological Factors Based on EEG Characteristics of Online Shopping Addiction in E-Commerce

With the popularity of the Internet and the in-depth development of e-commerce, online shopping has broken through the time, space and geographical restrictions, and has attracted extensive attention from various social groups. Moderate online shopping can not only save time and expenses, but also play a role of entertainment to a certain extent. However, excessive online shopping will lead to online shopping addiction, resulting in extreme waste of time and money, and even disharmony of social functions. Internet shopping addiction is a psychological dependence on online shopping.

SHOPPING ADDICTION — A REAL CHALLENGE DURING THE PANDEMIC

We live in a modern society, which imposes an alert pace of daily life for all of us. As a result, there are constant attempts to find ways for people to access any service as quickly as possible. The COVID-19 pandemic has made drastic changes in human behaviour, lifestyle and the reality people live in. There is a concern that people are living in times of multiple existential, economic and instability threats due to drastic changes in daily life. Also known as Oniomania, the habit of compulsive shopping has come to the attention of the medical world. Studies show that the habit of buying excessively has become a concern in today's society, being similar to other well-known compulsive or addictive disorders, such as substance abuse, gambling addiction, or eating disorders. Online shopping offers multiple benefits, therefore there has been an increase in using online shopping, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as people had no other option than to stay at home and use the Internet for various purposes. Method: The review of the literature draws on searches within databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, Elsevier, EBSCO, Medline. Conclusion: Health crises, such as epidemics and pandemics, can be a key factor in compulsive shopping. There are seven variables which are thought to influence the possible development of online shopping addiction: low self-esteem, low self-regulation; negative emotion, enjoyment, gender, social anonymity and cognitive overload.

The Prevalence and Psychological Relation of Problem Shopping: Data from a Large-Scale Sample from Turkey

Background:The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively examine the measurement aspects, the prevalence, and the psychological correlates of problem shopping among a large-scale national sample of Turkish adults. Result: Participants (N = 24380, 50% men, M age = 31.79 years, age range = 18 to 81 years) completed a questionnaire that comprised the Shopping Addiction Risk Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. Results showed that 1.8% of the participants had probable shopping addiction. Being female, being younger, psychiatric distress, positive affect, negative affect, anxious attachment, and avoidant attachment were positive correlates of problem shopping.Conclusion: The results of this large sample size study suggest that shopping addiction is not a rare condition in Turkey. Further research is needed to understand different motives that underlie the problematic shopping behavior in the young and female population in comparison to older and male populations. Preventive programs or any interventions for people with SA needs to address regulation difficulties and development of healthy strategies to cope with psychiatric distress.

Exploring the Roles of Daily Spiritual Experiences, Self-Efficacy, and Gender in Shopping Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Model

Although spirituality has been considered a protective factor against shopping addiction, the mechanisms involved in this relationship are still poorly recognized. The present study aims to test the association of daily spiritual experiences, self-efficacy, and gender with shopping addiction. The sample consisted of 430 young adults (275 women and 155 men), with a mean age of 20.44 (SD = 1.70). The Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale were used to measure the study variables. The results showed that: (1) Daily spiritual experiences had a direct negative effect on shopping addiction; (2) daily spiritual experiences were positively related to self-efficacy, thought the effect was moderated by gender; (3) self-efficacy negatively correlated with a shopping addiction; and (4) the indirect effect of daily spiritual experiences on shopping addiction through self-efficacy was significant for women but insignificant for men. The findings confirm that spirituality protects young adults against developing a shopping addiction. They also suggest that when introducing spiritual issues into shopping addiction prevention or treatment programs, the gender-specific effects of spirituality on shopping addiction via self-efficacy should be considered to adequately utilize young women’s and men’s spiritual resources.

Issues of Gay Community on the Novel of Simon VS the Homo Sapiens Agenda

The study aims to know how social community on gay’s life through the novel of Simon vs the Homo sapiens agenda written by Becky Albertalli. The title of this research is “ The Analysis of Main Character on Confessions of A Shopaholic Novel through Freudian Theory written by Sophie Kinsella”. Confessions of A Shopaholic novel is tells about a women named Rebecca Bloomwood who has bad behavior that are shopping addiction to fulfill her desire but she gets anxiety because of her debts and it disturbs her psychological. This research will focuses on Rebecca’s anxiety.The data are taken from the novel in the form of dialog and monolog. The writer using psychoanalysis theory from Sigmund Freud that related with anxiety theory. Sigmund Freud theory has 3 kinds of anxiety, there are realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety and moral anxiety. This theory is used to analyze the cause and effect of Rebecca Bloomwood’s anxiety.Last, the writer found the proved from Rebecca experiences three kinds of anxiety. First is neurotic anxiety caused by her mom character and it might be related to Rebecca childhood, Rebecca can’t to be honest to her mom about the cost of her skirt or clothes, she always tells if they are cheap because she knows her mom will shocked and angry if she now the truth, that can related if Rebecca can’t fulfill her desire when she was child because of her mom character. Second is realistic anxiety caused by her bad habit in shopping, that makes Rebecca has a lot of debts and that makes she becomes panic everytime met her debt collector. And the last moral anxiety caused by she felt guilty of her shopping behavior. And she becomes a liar to defense herself