Higher Light Extraction Efficiency in Organic Light-Emitting Devices by Employing 2D Periodic Corrugation

Photons trapped in the form of waveguide (WG) modes associated with the organic–organic interface and in the form of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes associated with the metallic electrode–organic interface result in a large energy loss in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Introducing gratings onto the metallic electrode is especially crucial for recovering the power lost to the associated SPP modes. In our research, we demonstrate the efficient outcoupling of SPP modes in TE mode by two-dimensional (2D) grating, which cannot excited in one-dimensional (1D) grating OLED. This causes a 62.5% increase in efficiency from 2D grating OLED than 1D grating OLED. The efficient outcoupling of the WG and SPP modes is verified by the numerical simulation of both the emission spectra and the field distribution.

Curved, Expanded and Inclined Diffraction Patterns of Grating--Rotating Grating Around Three Axes (1)

The orientation-dependence of the interference/diffraction patterns of the 1D-double slit/1D-grating and 2D-cross-double slit/2D-cross-grating experiments have been studied experimentally and theoretically. However, the above experiments were limited to certain orientations, namely rotating around either one axis or two axes. In this article, the 3-axis-rotation apparatus is proposed/made, which can rotate the 1D-double slit/2D-cross-double slit and 1D-grating/2D-cross-grating, CW and CCW respectively, 00-3600 around three axes independently and sequentially. By this apparatus, the orientation-dependence of the patterns is systematically studied. Moreover, the experiments can be performed easily. Then we show that the photons, before landing on the detector/screen, behave as particles. The above observed phenomena provide the comprehensive information to theoretical study of the double slit/grating experiments. We suggest that the complete mathematical model should contain three rotation angles as parameters. Furthermore, the phenomena have potential applications.

Curved Diffraction Patterns of 2D-Cross-Grating Experiments ---Double Slit Still Has Much to Offer

Young’s double slit experiments represent the mystery of quantum mechanics. To explore the mystery, varieties of the single slit, double slit, cross-double slit and 1D-grating experiments were performed, which show the universal phenomena that the interference/diffraction patterns are curved, expanded and inclined. In this article, we show novel phenomena that the diffraction patterns of the 2D-cross-grating experiments can be curved, expanded and inclined simultaneously and continuously. Those experiments provide comprehensive data for developing/testing a theoretical model.

Curved Diffraction Patterns of 2D-Cross-Grating Experiments---Double Slit Still Has Much to Offer

Young’s double slit experiments represent the mystery of quantum mechanics. To explore the mystery, varieties of the single slit, double slit, cross-double slit and 1D-grating experiments were performed, which show the universal phenomena that the interference/diffraction patterns are curved, expanded and inclined. In this article, we show novel phenomena that the diffraction patterns of the 2D-cross-grating experiments can be curved, expanded and inclined simultaneously and continuously. Those experiments provide comprehensive data for developing/testing a theoretical model.