Analysis of variant-pairing tendencies in lenticular martensite microstructures based on rank-1 connection

Herein, variant-pairing tendencies of lenticular martensite in an Fe–30Ni–0.3C (wt%) alloy are analyzed based on rank-1 connection at martensite/martensite junction planes (JPs) to facilitate the understanding of martensite microstructure. The degree of incompatibility (θ) at the JPs successfully explained their observed frequency; in the actual microstructure, variant pairs with a small θ form preferentially. The experimentally obtained JPs were consistent with theoretical ones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm the validity of variant-pair crystallography in steel based on rank-1 connection, both theoretically and experimentally. Diamond, composite-spear, and composite-kink clusters are considered. The cumulative θ at the JPs can suppress diamond cluster formation because it exceeds the θ of a single variant pair, and the diamond cluster is not observed experimentally. However, θ at the JPs cancel out in composite-spear (CS) and composite-kink (CK) clusters, but CK clusters are rarely observed experimentally, while a few CS clusters are observed. This demonstrates the analytical limitations of 2D approaches used to evaluate the frequency of variant pairs and clusters. These two variant clusters have a narrow window of 2D observation because the orientation relationships between JPs and intersection lines between two habit planes affect the areas of JPs.

Insights into Nature of Magnetization Plateaus of a Nickel Complex [Ni4(μ-CO3)2(aetpy)8](ClO4)4 from a Spin-1 Heisenberg Diamond Cluster

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster with two different coupling constants are investigated with the help of an exact diagonalization based on the Kambe’s method, which employs a local conservation of composite spins formed by spin-1 entities located in opposite corners of a diamond spin cluster. It is shown that the spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster exhibits several intriguing quantum ground states, which are manifested in low-temperature magnetization curves as intermediate plateaus at 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of the saturation magnetization. In addition, the spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster may also exhibit an enhanced magnetocaloric effect, which may be relevant for a low-temperature refrigeration achieved through the adiabatic demagnetization. It is evidenced that the spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster with the antiferromagnetic coupling constants J1/kB = 41.4 K and J2/kB = 9.2 K satisfactorily reproduces a low-temperature magnetization curve recorded for the tetranuclear nickel complex [Ni4(μ-CO3)2(aetpy)8](ClO4)4 (aetpy = 2-aminoethyl-pyridine) including a size and position of intermediate plateaus detected at 1/2 and 3/4 of the saturation magnetization. A microscopic nature of fractional magnetization plateaus observed experimentally is clarified and interpreted in terms of valence-bond crystal with either a single or double valence bond. It is suggested that this frustrated magnetic molecule can provide a prospective cryogenic coolant with the maximal isothermal entropy change −ΔSM=10.6 J·K−1·kg−1 in a temperature range below 2.3 K.

Economic Position Victimization Quantitative Relation at Diamond Cluster of Company Pvt. Ltd

This project report entitled to “A STUDY ON ANALYSIS of economic POSITION victimization quantitative relationAT DIAMOND teams OF COMPANY PVT LTD ”. the most objective of the study is to research the money position of the corporate. It the method of distinguishing the money strength and weakness of the firm properly establishing relationship between the item of record and profit and loss account. the main points relating to the history and finance details of the corporate were collected through discussion with the corporate officers. Secondary knowledge ar supported the annual reports of 2015-2017. The tools used for the study is quantitative relation analysis. Charts and table ar used for higher understanding. Through quantitative relation analysis the corporate may perceive the profit, Liquidity, Leverage, Turnover positions of the corporate. [1],[ 3],[5]

Modeling the OEC with Two New Biomimetic Models: Preparations, Structural Characterization, and Water Photolysis Studies of a Ba–Mn Box Type Complex and a Mn4N6 Planar-Diamond Cluster

The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) is the native enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of water in natural photosynthesis. Two new classes of manganese cluster complexes of formula Ba2Mn2L12(H3L1)2(CH3OH)4 1 and Mn4L26Cl2 2 were prepared (H4L1 = N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(2-hydroxybenzamide); L2 = methyl picolinimidate) and characterized by standard techniques including microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, ESI spectrometry, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. X-ray diffraction studies of these complexes revealed (i) a box-type structure for 1 formed by two redox-active manganese(III) ions and two barium(II) ions connected by two bridging bisamido-bisphenoxy ligand molecules; and (ii) a planar-diamond array for Mn4N6 cluster 2 where the picolinimidates act as chelating ligands through the two nitrogen atoms. The ability of 1 and 2 to split water has been studied by means of water photolysis experiments. In these experiments, the oxygen evolution was measured in aqueous media in the presence of p-benzoquinone (acting as the hydrogen acceptor), the reduction of which was followed by UV-spectroscopy. The relevant photolytic activity found for 1 is in contrast to the inactivity of 2 in the photolytic experiments. This different behavior is discussed on the basis of the structure of the biomimetic models and the proposed reaction mechanism for this process supported by DFT calculations.

Incompatibility of Martensite Variant Clusters in Self-accommodation Microstructure in Ti-Ni-Pd High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy

ABSTRACTThe formation frequency of habit plane variant (HPV) clusters in Ni-25Pd-50Ti shape memory alloy was analyzed using electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) on the basis of the geometrically nonlinear theory of martensite. Two types of cluster, diamond and wedge, were most commonly observed. The ratio of the formation frequency of the diamond to wedge clusters was approximately 1 : 3, whereas the rotation to keep the kinematic compatibility (KC) condition, θ *, was 3.9° and 0.0032°, respectively. The ratio of the formation frequency is quantified by the value of θ * which is an indicator of the incompatibility of the cluster. The origin of the diamond cluster is discussed based on the degree of incompatibility.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH SEKTOR INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN

The paradigm underlying this research is that SME has contribution to economic growth, that is indicated by theircontribution to employment and Gross Domestic Product. SMEs contribute to employment more than 99,7 per cent ofnational employment and contribute to more IDR 1,013.5 trillion or 56,73 per cent. Nevertheless, the developing of SME'sfacing some problems namely lack of capital, difficulties in marketing, simple organizational structure with unstandardjob description, low of quality management, limited human resource, generally it has no finanacial accounting, low oflegality aspect, and low of technology quality. According to this matter, a comprehensive strategy for developing SME's isvery crusial to develop in order to fasten SME's growth, to eliminate SME's problems, and to make SME's competitive. The strategy composed based on integration of location quotient, diamond cluster model, and SWOT analysis approach. The result indicated that SME's which have big potential to develop are manufacturing industry sector, because it has the biggest value of LQ is about 4,277. Then, strategy for developing SME's is ST strategy, namely using some strength to overcome some threats. According to this strategy, SME's should carry out product diversification by using CNC, CAD, and CAM technology, improve quality of product, and cooperate with suppliers to get supply raw material.