Existential Dilemma in Toni Morrison’s Beloved

Toni Morrison verbalizes in novel manners the pain and battle of a traumatized self and local area. In her novels, the traumatic truth of a dark self shows itself in the characters' self-hatred and self-disdain, and in the deficiency of their individual and cultural identity. Her fiction resolves issues of African American history, traumatizing experience and identity, often additionally captivating with inquiries of sex and sex, and, less significantly, class. When writing in a climate where everything except a couple of dark writers battled for acknowledgment, presently the subject of much recognition, Morrison’s work has provoked various and assorted basic reactions. The Beloved and Song of Solomon utilize the devices of disruption, corruption and sensuality to portray the traumatic encounters of the Black ladies’ heroes. During the last fifteen or so years grant treating the Morrison oeuvre has blossomed, making her clearly quite possibly the most talked about creators of the contemporary time frame. Toni Morrison’s In her novel, Beloved (1987), Toni Morrison shows the overwhelming impacts of slavery and its specialist disasters as these impacts show themselves through numerous ages of one family. The trauma of slavery is with the end goal that nobody contacted by it can break liberated from the past, even a long time after actual freedom. This is valid for the novel's hero, Sethe, a once in the past oppressed lady living in Cincinnati after the Civil War and third novel Song of Solomon (1977) goes about as a milestone in her profession, since it uncovers the imaginative development she has acquired, and furthermore presents the arrangement she has observed to tackle the overwhelming issues she depicts in her initially traumatizing novel. The distinctive traumatic occasions make Morrison's novels appropriate for logo helpful perusing and examination.

Troubled and Traumatized Self: A Psychoanalytical Study of Toni Morrison’s Beloved

An attempt has been made in the present paper to study and analyse the troubled and traumatized self of Sethe in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. A psychoanalytic thinker says “trauma places the relation between external reality and psychic reality in focus. A person’s personal experiences are represented in one’s own psyche and gets personalised. The internal world of wishes, conflicts and deficits, resulting from trauma, is negotiated in human interaction”. Here, Sethe felt affected both by physical and emotional trauma caused by the institution of slavery.The institution of slavery not only repressed the maternal bond betweenSethe and her children but alsoher own individualization and the development of her consciousness as a normal human being. Here, an attempt has also been made to explore how much she was affected by the repression of the memories of the trauma she had endured in her life and how much she was victimized and traumatized that she felt unable to nurture her own child Beloved. Under the oppressive conditions of slavery she found herself unable to form a maternal bond between herself and her beloved daughter. Morrison also tried to restore the historical record of the atrocities on the blacks during the period of slavery and give voice to the collective memory of Afro-Americans by depicting the trauma faced by Sethe

Wounded Words in a Wounded World: Opportunities for Mission in Central and Eastern Europe Today

The goal of this paper is both descriptive and prescriptive. The European sub-region called Central and Eastern Europe is understood and analyzed mostly through social scientific theories and models which have a Western European or North American origin. The region is often observed from the outside, and many interpretations of regional transformation are based on codes and categories of these external perspectives, which I will call heteropoiesis. I try to argue for an autopoietic approach from the opposite direction: from the inside. In my approach, I focus, first of all, on the historical and contemporary social experiences of the societies of the region. After authoring many theoretical and analytical works on it, I have come to believe that the key characteristic of the region is its wounded collective identity. The main narrative in the region is backward-looking and nostalgic, and also characterized by feelings of victimhood and revenge. Nationalism and xenophobia in the region are consequences of this traumatized self-understanding. To understand Central and Eastern Europe one must understand the wounds of history and the role of the trauma-centered narratives of today.

THE TIME SPIRAL AND IRREVERSIBILITY IN TOM MCCARTHY’S NOVELS

The article examines the work of the contemporary English writer Tom McCarthy in the framework of the original author’s concept of time and space. Based on observations about the consonance of McCarthy’s postmodern novels “Remainder” (2005), “C” (2010), and “Satin Island”(2015) and the entropy systems theory, as well as certain philosophical concepts of postmodernism (“Mobius strip”, ellipse, ruin), the conclusion is made about the conjugation of the personal and the cosmic. The cyclical nature of the plot episodes in McCarthy’s novels is associated with the idea of the character’s involvement in the processes of world disintegration and total irreversibility, being in a loop, in atemporal space, in the entropy funnel of time. The traumatized “Self” of the main character symbolizes the universal trauma of infinite non-anthropological time. McCarthy’s work significantly develops images, compositional and narrative tools, associated with non-linearity and fragmentation, which are characteristic for modernist and postmodernist writing (Joyce, Faulkner, Rob-Grillet, Pynchon). Cyclicity in McCarthy’s postmodern art is no longer associated with absolute mythological time and “everyday cyclic time” (Bakhtin), but with the “temporality of the accelerated cycle” (Baudrillard), with some loss, disintegration, “ellipse” (Derrida), with an endless spiral like a shell. The McCarthy’s cyclicity appears as a repetition, which cuts off the road to the future.

“I Have Become a Brother of Jackals”: Evolutionary Psychology and Suicide in the Book of Job

Job compares himself time and again to defeated and trapped animals in the poetic core of the Book of Job. God, in responding to Job, describes in loving detail, as would a proud parent her children, the animals that populate creation. This paper argues that the Joban Poet uses animal imagery to allow Job to express an evolving sense of his traumatized self and the world and God to affirm the beauty and vitality of creation and, indirectly, also of Job who has come to think of himself as a trapped and hunted animal.

Elated and Traumatized Self(ves) in Autobiographies from the Romanian Front

In the article Elated and Traumatized Self(ves), the focus has been on the horrific images witnessed by which the nurses changed their initially optimistic discourse on war. In his study on the memory of the Great War, Paul Fussell identifies recurring elements such as miracles and perils, rituals, magic numbers, a magical, otherworldly landscape, social arrangements that culminate in pompous ceremonies, the constant training of the protagonist to prove himself against danger, and the fact that the protagonist and his allies often constitute a group of solidarity or “community of the elect” (Fussell 1975, 135). Looking for these elements in the nurses’ narratives, I have identified them in their attitude towards the war before they reached the front. The situations of shock they faced caused them to abandon the “heroic pageantry of war” (in Claire M. Tylee’s terms) and to replace it with a language of trauma that desisted in intensity after witnessing bombardments and after patients with horrible injuries became ordinary events in their lives.