Philosophical Foundations for Understanding the System of Law

The article deals with a problem of correlation between the evolution of the main ideas pattern, philosophical foundations of the intellectual life of age and historical state-law systems. The method is a cyclic conception of history, according to which on every round of historical processes, the framework of state-law system development was formed by the main ideas presumption about space, time, the mul­tiplicity of the world and so on. According to it, authors argue that the existence of some milestones in the history of ideas gives us an opportunity to highlight some phases of the state-law system evolution, such as temple-state with its mythological space and cyclic time; polis state, which emerged from rationalization and understanding the world is multiple; medieval theological state with its dualism and teleological history conception; modern state based on separation of abstract conceptions such as nation and their embodiment.

Monitoring Tribological Events by Acoustic Emission Measurements for Bearing Contacts

The measurement of acoustic emission data in experiments reveals informative details about the tribological contact. The required recording rate for conclusive datasets ranges up to several megahertz. Typically, this results in very large datasets for long-term measurements. This in return has the consequence, that acoustic emissions are mostly acquired at predefined cyclic time intervals, which leads to many blind spots. The following work shows methods for effective postprocessing and a feature based data acquisition method. Additionally, a two stage wear mechanism for bearings was found by the described method and could be substantiated by a numerical simulation.

NATIONAL FEATURES OF GENDER CHRONEMIC COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT LINGUA-CULTURES

The article is devoted to the national peculiarities of gender-specific communicative behavior of the British, Uzbeks and Chinese. The author considers the correlation of gender national values of different linguistic cultures in their chronemic behavior with linear and cyclic time models. Gender features affect not only the perception of time by representatives of linguistic cultures, but also the language. It is due to such gender characteristics that the communication of people from different linguistic cultures is largely due to differences in their ideas about time. Representatives of linguistic cultures with a dominant masculine or feminine use of time in the process of communication experience displeasure and stress. Few people can adapt to the opposite use of time. To avoid such a conflict, the author suggests a position of understanding the difference and restructuring consciousness to a tolerant perception of a different approach to the organization of time. The author analyzes the issues of interpersonal relations, non-compliance with plans, schedules, agreements, which can be changed or revised at any time, depending on the circumstances and the significance of personal connections of communicants or vice versa. The author also identifies the properties by which it is possible to correlate to which type of cultures a communicant belongs: to a poly-chronic or mono-chronic culture.

Time and Reversal in Birtwistle's Punch and Judy

We examine the occurrence of peripeteia in Harrison Birtwistle's 1967 opera Punch and Judy, as manifest in a reversal of cyclic time. Specifically, we extend a metaphorical association between the passage of cyclic time in the opera and discrete rotation in the complex plane generated by the imaginary unit i. Such a rotation moves alternately between the real and the imaginary axes, as scenes in the opera pass correspondingly through sacred and profane orientations. The instance of peripeteia results in a counter rotation, a dramaturgical inversion. To bring this reversal into the metaphor, we extend it from its situation in the complex plane to one in the space of Hamilton's quaternions, wherein such negation is obtained through the product of upper-level imaginary units. The scene that contains the reversal and that which consists of the opera's comic resolution epitomize the drama and occupy the highest level of dramatic structure.

THE TIME SPIRAL AND IRREVERSIBILITY IN TOM MCCARTHY’S NOVELS

The article examines the work of the contemporary English writer Tom McCarthy in the framework of the original author’s concept of time and space. Based on observations about the consonance of McCarthy’s postmodern novels “Remainder” (2005), “C” (2010), and “Satin Island”(2015) and the entropy systems theory, as well as certain philosophical concepts of postmodernism (“Mobius strip”, ellipse, ruin), the conclusion is made about the conjugation of the personal and the cosmic. The cyclical nature of the plot episodes in McCarthy’s novels is associated with the idea of the character’s involvement in the processes of world disintegration and total irreversibility, being in a loop, in atemporal space, in the entropy funnel of time. The traumatized “Self” of the main character symbolizes the universal trauma of infinite non-anthropological time. McCarthy’s work significantly develops images, compositional and narrative tools, associated with non-linearity and fragmentation, which are characteristic for modernist and postmodernist writing (Joyce, Faulkner, Rob-Grillet, Pynchon). Cyclicity in McCarthy’s postmodern art is no longer associated with absolute mythological time and “everyday cyclic time” (Bakhtin), but with the “temporality of the accelerated cycle” (Baudrillard), with some loss, disintegration, “ellipse” (Derrida), with an endless spiral like a shell. The McCarthy’s cyclicity appears as a repetition, which cuts off the road to the future.