scholarly journals Existential Dilemma in Toni Morrison’s Beloved

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Manu ◽  
Dr. Abha Shukla Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Toni Morrison ◽  
African American History ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Song Of Solomon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traumatized Self

Toni Morrison verbalizes in novel manners the pain and battle of a traumatized self and local area. In her novels, the traumatic truth of a dark self shows itself in the characters' self-hatred and self-disdain, and in the deficiency of their individual and cultural identity. Her fiction resolves issues of African American history, traumatizing experience and identity, often additionally captivating with inquiries of sex and sex, and, less significantly, class. When writing in a climate where everything except a couple of dark writers battled for acknowledgment, presently the subject of much recognition, Morrison’s work has provoked various and assorted basic reactions. The Beloved and Song of Solomon utilize the devices of disruption, corruption and sensuality to portray the traumatic encounters of the Black ladies’ heroes. During the last fifteen or so years grant treating the Morrison oeuvre has blossomed, making her clearly quite possibly the most talked about creators of the contemporary time frame. Toni Morrison’s In her novel, Beloved (1987), Toni Morrison shows the overwhelming impacts of slavery and its specialist disasters as these impacts show themselves through numerous ages of one family. The trauma of slavery is with the end goal that nobody contacted by it can break liberated from the past, even a long time after actual freedom. This is valid for the novel's hero, Sethe, a once in the past oppressed lady living in Cincinnati after the Civil War and third novel Song of Solomon (1977) goes about as a milestone in her profession, since it uncovers the imaginative development she has acquired, and furthermore presents the arrangement she has observed to tackle the overwhelming issues she depicts in her initially traumatizing novel. The distinctive traumatic occasions make Morrison's novels appropriate for logo helpful perusing and examination.

scholarly journals Batik Patterns in the South of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Events ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Over Time

“Batik” or “Pateh” is an important cloth in the south of Thailand. Its unique features such as pattern, colour, and production process make Batik different from other cloth in the other part of Thailand. Traditionally, Batik was originated in Indonesia and India where people used paraffin wax as a dye-resist paint. It was also reported that other Asian countries such as Japan and India made Batik fabric in their country. In Thailand, local people in the south made their clothes from Batik fabric and wore them in daily life or during special social events. They designed pattern and applied wax-resist dyeing by hand or blocks on the fabric to create colourful and creative designs. Batik is a cultural identity of the south of Thailand. The study found that the process of creating pattern and colour for Batik was used a long time ago. In the past, artisans primarily employed wooden molds or blocks and wax to create patterns. Through the accumulation of knowledge and experience over time, the development of metal blocks makes Batik’s patterns more delicate and vivid. In addition, the research aimed to study about Batik pattern in the southern provinces of Thailand.It can be said that Batik is a uniquely beautiful fabric that should be collected as a national heritage and for the future study of this fabric. The study of Batik pattern in the south revealed that former patterns simply used basic geometric shapes such as lines, squares, and circles. Then, these patterns have been developed by integrating rhythms and spaces to create more distinctive and delicate designs. Moreover, the patterns of Batik in the south were inspired by nature, religious beliefs, and ways of life. Warm tone colours such as red, brown, yellow and cool tone colours such as blue and green were employed. It was also found that the materials used in the past were primarily from plants and nature. Nowadays, artificial colors are also used because they allow vivid and durable effects.

scholarly journals The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) and the Luso-African identity

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5 (68)) ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
Joanna Mormul
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Official Language ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Identity ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Press ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Subject

The article aims at searching for the correlation between the Luso-African identity, understood as a form of cultural identity based on the concept of Lusophony, and The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), an international organisation that brings together countries whose official language is Portuguese. The CPLP is considered as an institutional emanation of the idea of Lusophony. However, for almost 25 years since its creation it still receives a lot of criticism. Despite the multiplicity of initiatives that it proposed, for a long time it seemed that the CPLP did not really move beyond the concept phase. Furthermore, until recently the organisation has focused mainly on cultural and political cooperation, leaving behind its enormous economic possibilities and provoking questions about an untapped potential of the CPLP. The paper attempts to reflect on the hypothesis that the limited capacities of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries regarding the African continent are, at least partially, related to the problem with Luso-African identity. The considerations presented in the article are based on the critical reading of the literature of the subject, qualitative analysis of the already existing data (official documents and the press, available statistics), as well as the author’s reflections drawn from observations, interviews and informal talks conducted during field research in Mozambique (2015) and Guinea-Bissau (2016), along with multiple study visits to Portugal (2011-2016), while realizing the research project devoted to the problem of state dysfunctionality in the Lusophone Africa.

scholarly journals O inferno. Questão ainda pertinente?

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (315) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Antonio Alves de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
God's Will ◽  
The Past ◽  
Universal Salvation ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich

Por muito tempo a pregação em torno do inferno distorceu a compreensão e a vivência da fé, contribuindo assim para a pastoral do medo. Atualmente pesa quase um silêncio em torno do assunto. Não obstante os equívocos do passado apoiados na pastoral do medo, a questão não pode ser silenciada, embora não seja central no anúncio do Evangelho. As Sagradas Escrituras anunciam a vontade salvífica universal de Deus por meio de Jesus Cristo agindo no Espírito Santo, mas não escondem a misteriosa possibilidade de uma recusa por parte do ser humano. Na reflexão teológica foram influentes a apocatástase e a predestinação. O debate prossegue. A esperança de salvação para todos não pode fazer-nos fechar os olhos para aquelas pessoas e grupos humanos, especialmente ricos e poderosos, em cujo agir transparece uma íntima sintonia com o mistério da iniquidade e sua multiforme ação na história. O anúncio da esperança de uma salvação universal deve acontecer sempre em primeiro lugar, mas acompanhada do alerta em relação a uma entrega definitiva e total ao mistério da iniquidade, entrega que se inicia nas ações e decisões cotidianas.Abstract: For a long time the preaching about hell distorted the comprehension and the experience of the faith, thus contributing for a pastoral of fear. At present, there is almost silence around the subject. In spite of the mistakes of the past based on the pastoral of fear, the issue cannot be silenced, even if it is not central in the announcement of the Gospel. The Sacred Scriptures announce God’s will of universal salvation through Jesus Christ acting upon the Holy Spirit, but they do not hide the mysterious possibility of a refusal on the part of the human being. In the theological reflection the apocatastasis (the ultimate salvation of all human beings) and the predestination were influent. The debate continues. The hope of salvation for all cannot let us close our eyes to those people and human groups, especially the rich and powerful, whose actions show an intimate harmony with the mystery of the iniquity and its manifold action on history. The announcement of the hope in a universal salvation must always happen in the first place, but followed by a warning with regard to a definite and total surrender to the mystery of the iniquity, a surrender that begins in the everyday actions and decisions.Keywords: Salvation: Hell; Apocatastasis; Predestination; Hope.

Black is Black

2000 ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
Stanisław Musiał ◽  
Gwido Zlatkes
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Catholic Priest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Good Will ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

This chapter investigates how Poles react to the Revd Henryk Jankowski's antisemitic statements. If in any Western country, a cleric (a Catholic priest as well known as the Revd Jankowski) presented such antisemitic opinions, many people of good will would protest in the streets. In Poland, it is still impossible. Though in Polish society, sensitivity and solidarity seem to be awakening today, they express themselves in only one context: where an exceptionally hideous murder has been committed. The chapter argues that in Poland, it will be a long time before antisemitic excesses or statements will get people moving. After all that happened in the land at the hands of the Nazis, there is still no social awareness that antisemitism is deadly by its nature, and in every form, even if often not directly or immediately. In this regard, the past is taking its toll: not long ago the subject of antisemitism was taboo, and to be a patriot meant, in the interpretation of the ruling Communist Party, to be anti-Zionist, which in practice equalled being an antisemite.

scholarly journals As relações africano-brasileiras de longa data: uma análise da investigação histórica sobre o assunto no Brasil * The african-brazilian long term relationship: an analysis of historical research about the subject in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
GILBERTO DA SILVA GUIZELIN
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical View ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O presente artigo parte do pressuposto de que ao contrário da história das relações contemporâneas entre o Brasil e a África, a história das relações pretéritas entre as duas margens do Atlântico Sul não tem recebido a mesma atenção por parte dos investigadores brasileiros. Acredita-se aqui que tal descompasso investigativo seja fruto de uma visão histórica reducionista, por muito tempo predominante no meio acadêmico nacional, e, por conseguinte, da dificuldade sentida entre os próprios investigadores brasileiros de reunir fontes que lhes permitam recriar, observar e analisar o contexto das relações de longa data entre o Brasil e a África. Ainda assim, ressalta-se aqui que a partir de uma reorientação quanto às perspectivas de investigação é sim possível o desenvolvimento de novos estudos do entrosamento africano-brasileiro mais distante.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> historiografia brasileira; História das Relações Internacionais; relações Africano-Brasileiras.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article begins by assuming that unlike the history of contemporary relations between Brazil and Africa, the history of the past relations between the two costs of South Atlantic has not received the same attention by Brazilian researchers. It is believed here that this discrepancy is a result of a reductionist historical view,  prevalent for a long time in the national academic community, and therefore by the difficulty felt among the Brazilian researchers themselves to gather historical documents that allow them to re-create, observe and analyze the context of the past relation between Brazil and Africa. Still, it is also emphasized in this article that from a reorientation on the prospects of research the development of new studies on the African -Brazilian long term relationship is indeed possible.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Brazilian historiography; History of International Relations; African-Brazilian relations.</p>

scholarly journals Editorial: The Wisdom of Age

Philosophy ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-157
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mundane Reason ◽  
Young Turks ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Mathematics And Science

‘Philosophy’ means love of wisdom. So is philosophy primarily and rightly the province of those traditionally assumed to be wise, namely the old? Aristotle might have subscribed to some view of this sort. For him only those well on the way to middle age had the experience necessary to discourse sensibly on moral and political matters. Plato too, one suspects, would have agreed with something of the sort, albeit for different reasons. In The Republic education in wisdom just took an awful long time.So what of the younger thinker who, in a burst of revolutionary fervour, changes the course of the subject, figures such as Descartes, Nietzsche, Russell, Wittgenstein and Ayer, down to the Young Turks of recent decades? Over recent centuries young philosophers have contributed much to the subject, particularly as philosophy itself has become infatuated with mathematics and science. Could there be a connection? And did any of the young men of philosophy increase in wisdom as they got older? Nietzsche? Russell? Wittgenstein? Ayer?A cynic might suggest that in the past the very old were thought wise because there were so few of them. But now that the whole population is ageing, can we expect a renaissance of wisdom and a flowering of philosophy? And if not, is it because in the modern world the old characteristically ape the young? T.S. Eliot hinted at a more mundane reason when he asked not to be toldOf the Wisdom of old men, but rather of their folly,Their fear of fear and frenzy, their fear of possessionOf belonging to another, or to others, or to God.Is this harsh observation of the narrowness of age as close to the truth as the conventional piety?

The Collection, Use And Interpretation Of Milk And Butterfat Records

1946 ◽  
Vol 1946 (02) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Joseph Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

In the past few years a remarkable new interest in the breeding of dairy cattle has come to be shown in Great Britain and, as a result, renewed attention has been focussed on the subject down for discussion to-day. I think there are two main causes of this new interest. The first is the certainty—for as far ahead as we can see—that milk is likely to remain agricultural product No. 1. With this has come the conviction that to ensure efficient production at the source we have to introduce more certainty into our methods of breeding for milk. The poor level, by any standards of breeding efficiency, of a great number of our dairy herds has been one of the revelations of the war years; there is now factual evidence for what has been suspected for a long time.

scholarly journals Historical criminology and the explanatory power of the past

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Long Time

To what extent can the past ‘explain’ the present? This deceptively simple question lies at the heart of historical criminology (research which incorporates historical primary sources while addressing present-day debates and practices in the criminal justice field). This article seeks first to categorize the ways in which criminologists have used historical data thus far, arguing that they are most commonly deployed to ‘problematize’ the contemporary rather than to ‘explain’ it. The article then interrogates the reticence of criminologists to attribute explicative power in relation to the present to historical data. Finally, it proposes the adoption of long time-frame historical research methods, outlining three advantages which would accrue from this: the identification and analysis of historical continuities; a more nuanced, shared understanding of micro/macro change over time in relation to criminal justice; and a method for identifying and analysing instances of historical recurrence, particularly in perceptions and discourses around crime and justice.

scholarly journals A STATE-OF-THE-ART WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION: SMART BINS/E-BINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelieus Namirian ◽  
Zarieus Namirian
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Actual Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

In the past few a long time there may be a zoom inside the price of urbanization and therefore there may be a demand for property city improvement plans. currently, victimization new age era and strategic technique, the assemble of smart towns are springing up all around the arena. a realistic city is incomplete at the same time as not a clever waste control system. This paper describes the appliance of our model of “clever Bin” in dealing with the waste assortment machine of a whole metropolis. The network of sensors enabled smart boxes linked via the cellular community generates an outsized amount of data, that is similarly analyzed and pictured at the actual time to recognize insights concerning the status of waste around the town. This paper conjointly objectives at encouraging extra analysis inside the subject matter of waste control.

scholarly journals Michel Foucault: Subjectivity and Ethics of the Self as Practice of Freedom

MELINTAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Konrad Kebung
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Unstable Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practices Of The Self ◽  
Cultural Historian

This article presents the thoughts of Michel Foucault, a cultural historian, philosopher, and intellectual, who brilliantly analyses the historical events of the past as creative criticisms for shaping human attitudes today. Through this historical analysis, Foucault examines the ways in which subjects were formed from classical times to the present. Foucault sees how this process takes a long time, starting from the subject as formed through various discourses to the subject as forming itself. To arrive at the latter, Foucault brings his readers to the classical Greco-Roman era to see how humans live their freedom and responsibilities. He also shows them various practices of the self through meditation and inner examination, as well as the practice of telling the truth (parrhesia) to oneself and to others. All this in the era was known as ethics and also seen as a practice of freedom. For Foucault, life must always be seen as a work of art that requires the attention of the artist from time to time in order to arrive at an art level considered useful and valuable to many people. Foucault calls this an aesthetic of existence, where life is not merely seen as something given, but also that must always be fought for creatively from day to day. Life must be seen as an unstable condition in which there are always cracks, therefore it has to be fixed from time to time. This is what Foucault calls a model of human existence.

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