Teknologi Instalasi Pengolah Air Limbah (IPAL) Berbasis Pembangkit Photovoltaic (PV) untuk Proses Produksi Batik-Tulis Tanjung Bumi yang Ramah Lingkungan

<p>Mitra Produk Teknologi yang Didesiminasikan ke Masyarakat (PTDM) adalah UMKM Zulpah Batik Madura (Mitra 1) dan Kelompok Pembatik Rumahan, Pemasok Bahan, dan Penjahit Dusun Kramat (Mitra 2). Permasalahan ditinjau dari aspek produksi ada dua. Pasca proses produksi batik-tulis khususnya yang menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia, pengrajin Mitra 1 biasanya langsung membuang air limbah begitu saja ke selokan atau sungai terdekat tanpa melalui proses pengolahan limbah sebelumnya. Wilayah Desa Paseseh Kecamatan Tanjung Bumi sebagai lokasi Mitra 1 dan 2 sering mangalami pemadaman listrik ketika periode beban puncak pada malam hari. Dampaknya pembuangan limbah batik oleh Mitra 1 langsung ke lingkungan dapat mencemari lingkungan sekitarnya yaitu air dan tanah. Pompa IPAL Mitra 1 tidak berfungsi sehingga mengganggu proses pengolahan limbah. Mitra 2 tidak dapat melakukan aktivitas membatik sehingga menurunkan produk batik-tulis. Tujuan program adalah meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas batik-tulis Tanjung Bumi yang ramah lingkungan di Desa Paseseh Kecamatan Tanjung Bumi Kabupaten Bangkalan. Metode kegiatan ditempuh melalui implementasi dua kegiatan. Kegiatan pertama penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna instalasi pengolah air limbah (IPAL) residu proses produksi batik tulis ke Mitra 1. Kegiatan kedua adalah penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) <em>Solar Home System</em> (SHS) ke Mitra 1 menggunakan pembangkit PV skala rumah tangga. Bangunan IPAL Batik-Tulis terdiri dari bak penangkap lilin, bak pengendap dan perata aliran berjumlah tiga buah, bak koagulasi berisi filter tawas, bak absorbsi karbon aktif berisi filter arang kayu atau batok kelapa berjumlah tiga buah, dan bak kontrol akhir. Bak kontrol akhir berfungsi menampung air limbah terakhir yang relatif aman bagi lingkungan sebelum dibuang ke saluran selokan atau sungai. Air limbah juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk proses pencucian batik kembali atau dipakai untuk menyiram tanaman. Sistem pembangkit PV dengan daya panel 900 Wp, baterai 12 V/100 Ah, dan inverter hybrid 1000 W dipakai menggerakkan pompa 200 W untuk mengangkat air limbah dari bak pengendap dan perata aliran ke bak koagulasi. Sumber listrik berbasis energi terbarukan ini juga digunakan untuk lampu penerangan 150 W dan sumber daya canting batik elektrik 150 W bagi Mitra 1 dan 2 baik pada mode <em>off-grid</em> maupun mode <em>on-grid.</em> </p>

A practical method to design the solar photovoltaic system applied on residential building in Indonesia

The use of solar PV system in Indonesia has expanded to various field and area. One example is residential buildings in urban areas. This article discusses calculation methods for designing a solar power generation system that is applied to residential buildings, such as homes, offices, or colleges. Electricity generated from the solar home system (SHS) is used to support many kinds of electrical equipments, where the electrical equipments are used by building occupants in their daily life. The calculation method is considered from the potential of solar energy and the reliability of the on-site system to generate electricity. The system is designed in an off-grid topology by exchanging connections with the public electricity grid owned by PLN. Calculation results shows that this SHS has a generation capacity of 1 kWp, 24 V 300 Ah battery storage, and a 200 W inverter. This SHS can reduce electricity usage in this sector by 18.2 kWh in average every month.

Design and Cost Analysis of an Off-grid Solar Grain Mill

Solar Energy in Rwanda is one of renewable energy sources that is being utilized nowadays in different remote regions of the country due to its considerable social-economic impact. The off-grid solar photovoltaic system turns solar irradiance into electricity to be used in remote areas without being connected to the national grid. Normally people living in those areas use diesel engines to perform their daily activities which require electricity and this has a crucial negative effect on the environment as they are contributing much to the environmental pollution. To address this problem and to reduce these effects caused by thermal engines, this project designs a solar system that will replace those thermal engines by not only reducing their environmental effects but also by allowing the households living in vicinity of system location to have easy access to the electricity. An off-grid solar grain mill provides the grain mill services to those people in remote areas far from the national grid. The system designed will use the solar home system components such as photovoltaic modules, charge controller, batteries and an inverter as generation components and grain mill machine. It has the capacity of 13.56kW whereby 7.5kW of them are used to run grain mill machines and the remaining are used by the local community for lighting purposes. Electrical design and simulation were done by using MATLAB SIMULINK for solar systems. The research method includes weather condition, site survey, data collected from different organizations related to agriculture and energy sector. The system designed and simulated via software has shown good characteristics in terms of both performance and running grain mill machines. The overall system provided ways of getting services to people who don’t have access to electricity especially whose daily life is agriculture based. The total cost of the project was estimated to be $29,690 with its annual income of $9,720 and then a payback period of 3.05years.