Partial Completion as a Nonprofit Strategy

Problem definition: Faced with the challenge of serving beneficiaries with heterogeneous needs and under budget constraints, some nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have adopted an innovative solution: providing partially complete products or services to beneficiaries. We seek to understand what drives an NPO’s choice of partial completion as a design strategy and how it interacts with the level of variety offered in the NPO’s product or service portfolio. Academic/practical relevance: Although partial product or service provision has been observed in the nonprofit operations, there is limited understanding of when it is an appropriate strategy—a void that we seek to fill in this paper. Methodology: We synthesize the practices of two NPOs operating in different contexts to develop a stylized analytical model to study an NPO’s product/service completion and variety choices. Results: We identify when and to what extent partial completion is optimal for an NPO. We also characterize a budget allocation structure for an NPO between product/service variety and completion. Our analysis sheds light on how beneficiary characteristics (e.g., heterogeneity of their needs, capability to self-complete) and NPO objectives (e.g., total-benefit maximization versus fairness) affect the optimal levels of variety and completion. Managerial implications: We provide three key observations. (1) Partial completion is not a compromise solution to budget limitations but can be an optimal strategy for NPOs under a wide range of circumstances, even in the presence of ample resources. (2) Partial provision is particularly valuable when beneficiary needs are highly heterogeneous, or beneficiaries have high self-completion capabilities. A higher self-completion capability generally implies a lower optimal completion level; however, it may lead to either a higher or a lower optimal variety level. (3) Although providing incomplete products may appear to burden beneficiaries, a lower completion level can be optimal when fairness is factored into an NPO’s objective or when beneficiary capabilities are more heterogeneous.

Yearning For Tawhid: Three Muslims’ Journeys In Justice Work In The Settler Colonial Context Of Toronto

This critical narrative study seeks to explore two central research questions: 1) How do Muslim peoples understand, approach and engage in social justice work in and around Toronto and what are their experiences, and 2) What are the ways in which Islam and spirituality influence, impact and shape their social justice work? Using a lens that involves critical race theory, anti-colonialism and Islam, I delve deep into my own experiences and perspectives on Islam, spirituality and social justice work, as well as those of two other Muslim social justice advocates involved in Indigenous sovereignty, Black liberation and anti-Islamophobia movements. The findings of this study offer deep critical insights on the state of anti-oppressive and transformative social work and social justice spaces in the settler colonial context of Toronto. Central concepts explored in this work include dynamics of anger, significant relationships and Islamic concepts such as tawhid. It has been completed as partial completion of the Master of Social Work Program at Ryerson University.

Yearning For Tawhid: Three Muslims’ Journeys In Justice Work In The Settler Colonial Context Of Toronto

This critical narrative study seeks to explore two central research questions: 1) How do Muslim peoples understand, approach and engage in social justice work in and around Toronto and what are their experiences, and 2) What are the ways in which Islam and spirituality influence, impact and shape their social justice work? Using a lens that involves critical race theory, anti-colonialism and Islam, I delve deep into my own experiences and perspectives on Islam, spirituality and social justice work, as well as those of two other Muslim social justice advocates involved in Indigenous sovereignty, Black liberation and anti-Islamophobia movements. The findings of this study offer deep critical insights on the state of anti-oppressive and transformative social work and social justice spaces in the settler colonial context of Toronto. Central concepts explored in this work include dynamics of anger, significant relationships and Islamic concepts such as tawhid. It has been completed as partial completion of the Master of Social Work Program at Ryerson University.

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᐃᑦ ᓯᑯᓯᓛᕐᒥᑦ Printed Textiles from Kinngait Studios

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᐃᑦ ᓯᑯᓯᓛᕐᒥᑦ Printed Textiles from Kinngait Studios, curated by Roxane Shaughnessy of the Textile Museum of Canada in consultation with independent curator Nakasuq Alariaq, examines the legacy of newly-discovered textile prints from Kinngait Studios and their contribution to art history on both national and global scales. The exhibition shares and preserves a little-known history, drawing connections to contemporary Inuit artistic production and centers Inuit voices in telling this story. At its core, Printed Textiles from Kinngait Studios highlights the powerful way in which visual language can inspire intergenerational connections and jump-start new conversations between artists, community members, and the public at large. * This review was prepared in partial completion of a masters-level course, and as such, the author did not have the capacity to consult with members of Kinngait community. In future writings, the author hopes to consult and collaborate alongside community members.

Quantifying the partial penetration skin factor for evaluating the completion efficiency of vertical oil wells

An oil well's productivity is generally considered the standard measure of the well's performance. However, productivity depends on several factors, including fluid characteristics, formation damage, the reservoir's formation, and the kind of completion the well undergoes. How a partial completion can affect a well's performance will be investigated in detail in this study, as nearly every vertical well is only partially completed as a result of gas cap or water coning issues. Partially penetrated wells typically experience a larger pressure drop of fluid flow caused by restricted regions, thus increasing the skin factor. A major challenge for engineers when developing completion designs or optimizing skin factor variables is devising and testing suitable partial penetration skin and comparing completion options. Several researchers have studied and calculated a partial penetration skin factor, but some of their results tend to be inaccurate and cause excessive errors. The present work proposes experimental work and a numerical simulation model for accurate estimation of the pseudo-skin factor for partially penetrated wells. The work developed a simple correlation for predicting the partial penetration skin factor for perforated vertical wells. The work also compared the results from available models that are widely accepted by the industry as a basis for gauging the accuracy of the new correlation in estimating the skin factor. Compared to other approaches, the novel correlation performs well by providing estimates for the partial penetration skin factor that are relatively close to those obtained by the tested models. This work's main contribution is the presentation of a novel correlation that simplifies the estimation of the partial penetration skin factor in partially completed vertical wells.

RELATIVE ORDERING TESTS FOR DRAFT FORCE MODELS IN SOIL TILLAGE

The article presents results of some test sketches - validation and ordering - of the mathematical models proposed for the physical law rank on soil tillage draft force. The results constitute the continuation and partial completion of a method of testing - validation and ordering - the models proposed and published by researchers in the specialized literature of the last seventy years. The material defines and completes the method (initially only a validation method), up to a method of ordering the models according to their accuracy in relation to the experimental results. The proposed tests are intended to increase the coherence of research in the field of searching for a physical law of soil tillage draft force, assuming that it exists. The method can also be applied in case of other physical laws in research, construction or improvement stage.

Real-time processing of event descriptions for partially- and fully-completed events: Evidence from the visual world paradigm

The current study investigated non-culminating accomplishments through an experimental lens. We used a well-established paradigm for studying real-time language processing using eye-tracking, the visual world paradigm. Our study was modeled after Altmann and Kamide’s (2007) investigation of processing of aspectual information contained in a perfect verb form (e.g., has eaten). We compared English-speaking adults’ interpretations of sentences like ‘The girl has eaten a cookie’ and ‘The girl was eating a cookie’ in the context of one of two visual scenes. In the Full Completion condition, the scene depicted two referents that were compatible with the predicate: one was compatible with the expected end state of the event (e.g., an empty plate), the other with an unrealized version of the event (e.g., an uneaten cookie). In the Partial Completion condition, the scene depicted a referent that was compatible with a partially-completed version of the event (e.g., part of a cookie on a plate) and an unrealized interpretation (e.g., an uneaten cookie). For verb forms in the perfect (e.g., has eaten) but not in the progressive, we found a difference between conditions; listeners preferred to look at the fully-affected referent in the Full Completion condition as compared to the partially-affected referent in the Partial Completion condition. We take the results as suggestive in favor of a pragmatic rather than semantic account of non-culmination interpretations in English.

Das Vollzugsverbot in der EU-Fusionskontrolle

Under its Article 7, concentrations that fall within the scope of the EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) may only be completed once approval has been granted by the European Commission. This standstill obligation, which also exists in a similar form in many national jurisdictions, has for decades been a source of some uncertainty for M&A practitioners. After examining the foundations of the standstill obligation in competition law, business economics and EU primary law, the author goes on to develop a systematically and teleologically coherent concept for its scope of application and substantive reach, paying special attention to the issue of partial completion. The book takes into consideration the rulings recently handed down by the European Commission and the EU courts in Marine Harvest (Mowi), Altice, Ernst & Young, and Canon and is therefore currently the most up-to-date and comprehensive monograph on the standstill obligation under the EUMR. Because it takes a systematic look at all the relevant rulings to date, the article is also, and especially, intended for practitioners in public authorities and courts, law firms and consultancy firms.