The Consumption of Food-Based Iodine in the Immediate Pre-Pregnancy Period in Madrid Is Insufficient. San Carlos and Pregnancy Cohort Study

A pre-gestational thyroid reserve of iodine is crucial to guarantee the increased demand for thyroid hormone production of early pregnancy. An iodine intake ≥150 µg/day is currently recommended. The objective of this study was to assess average pre-gestational food-based iodine consumption in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit (<12 gestational weeks), and its association with adverse materno-fetal events (history of miscarriages, early fetal losses, Gestational Diabetes, prematurity, caesarean sections, and new-borns large/small for gestational age). Between 2015–2017, 2523 normoglycemic women out of 3026 eligible had data in the modified Diabetes Nutrition and Complication Trial (DNCT) questionnaire permitting assessment of pre-gestational food-based iodine consumption, and were included in this study. Daily food-based iodine intake was 123 ± 48 µg, with 1922 (76.1%) not reaching 150 µg/day. Attaining this amount was associated with consuming 8 weekly servings of vegetables (3.84; 3.16–4.65), 1 of shellfish (8.72; 6.96–10.93) and/or 2 daily dairy products (6.43; 5.27–7.86). Women who reached a pre-gestational intake ≥150 µg had lower rates of hypothyroxinemia (104 (17.3%)/384 (21.4%); p = 0.026), a lower miscarriage rate, and a decrease in the composite of materno-fetal adverse events (0.81; 0.67–0.98). Reaching the recommended iodine pre-pregnancy intake with foods could benefit the progression of pregnancy.

Relationship Between Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Diabetes is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor in both T1DM and T2DM. They have a 4-10 higher risk of developing complications from CVD than the non-diabetic population. The importance of intensive glycaemic control to prevent CVD in T1DM was established in both “The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial” (DCCT) and “Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications” (EDIC) trials. Despite the epidemiological evidence that poor glycaemic control can lead to higher incidence of cardiovascular events in T2DM, the intervention trials are still inconclusive. In this report we will highlight the pathophysiology of the effect of hyperglycemia on the cardiovascular system, the effect of medications, and the major Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) looking specifically at the cardiovascular outcome of intensive glycaemic control in T2DM. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (2); July 2020; Page 50-56

COMPARISON OF HBA1C LEVEL USING TURBIDIMETRY INHIBITION IMMUNOASSAY, LATEX AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION METHOD AND HPLC METHOD

According to the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) and The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial(DCCT) the standard method of measuring HbA1c is High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), but HPLC requiresparticular instrument investments, trained staff, long and relatively expensive sample processing. This an instrument that hassimilar performance to HPLC but its operation process is relatively simple and not costly. The purpose of this study was to analysethe HbA1c level using Turbidimetry Inhibition Immunoassay (TII) method and the HPLC method; to analyse HbA1 level using LatexAgglutination Inhibition (LAI) method and HPLC method. This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design during theperiod of March-April 2017. The total sample consisted of 160 samples divided into two groups. For the first group, HbA1c levelusing TII method and HPLC method was measured. For the second group, HbA1c level was measured using LAI method and HPLCmethod.The data obtained were analyzed using the Paired T-test. There was a significant difference between HbA1c levels usingTII method and HPLC method {8.12(2.53)% vs. 8.49(2.63)%, p<0.001}. There was no significant differences between HbA1c levelsusing LAI method and HPLC method {7.52(1.95%) vs. 7.47(2.00)%, p>0.05}. This research concluded that there was a differencebetween the HbA1c levels using TII method and HPLC method, but no difference between HbA1c levels using LAI method and HPLC method.

Hubungan kadar hemoglobin A1c dengan kualitas tidur pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe-2

LATAR BELAKANGDiabetes mellitus (DM) banyak dijumpai di negara berkembang, salah satunya di Indonesia. Salah satu pemeriksaan glukosa darah pada pasien DM adalah pemeriksaan kadar HbA1c yang telah terstandarisasi sesuai The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial (DCCT). Kadar HbA1c menunjukkan kadar glukosa di dalam hemoglobin pasien, sehingga kadar HbA1c yang tinggi biasanya akan disertai dengan gejala klinis DM yang semakin jelas, salah satunya poliuria. Poliuria ini dapat berpengaruh pada beberapa hal, salah satunya adalah kualitas tidur pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar HbA1c dengan kualitas tidur pada pasien DM tipe-2. METODEPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik consecutive non-random sampling yang berjumlah 44 responden. Data responden diperoleh melalui wawancara pengisian kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) dan pengambilan data HbA1c dari rekam medis. Analisis data yang diolah dengan program SPSS versi 23 ini dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji statistic Fisher. HASILPenelitian ini diikuti oleh 44 orang pasien DM tipe-2 yang memiliki hasil kadar HbA1c. Berdasarkan hasil statistik didapatkan p sebesar 0,69 dimana p>0,05 sehingga tidak terdapat hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. KESIMPULANPenelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar HbA1c dengan kualitas tidur pada pasien DM tipe-2.