Role of Local Identity and Perceived Context in Psychological Well-Being of Russians in Estonia

The present article focuses on the relationship between local identity, perceived inclusiveness of the sociocultural context and psychological well-being of the Russians in Estonia (N = 309; M = 37,46; SD = 16,56). Perceived discrimination and perceived multiculturalism are considered as indicators of inclusiveness of the context, and self-esteem and life satisfaction as indicators of psychological well-being. We used the scales from the MIRIPS questionnaire translated and adapted for Russia by N.M. Lebedeva and A.N.Tatarko, the scale of descriptive multicultural attitudes developed in the Center for Sociocultural Research of the HSE University, and the local identity scale of Droseltis and Vignoles. The results of strutural equation modeling show that local identity significantly positively relates to perceived inclusiveness of the sociocultural context. Perceived inclusiveness of the context is positively related to self-esteem and life satisfaction. Indicators of perceived inclusiveness of the context mediate the relationship between local identity and psychological well-being. The study revealed direct positive effect of local identity on life satisfaction. Thus, local identity fulfills an adaptive function, contributing to a more positive perception of the context of acculturation and increasing psychological well-being.

Sociocultural factors in economics: Milestones and perspectives

The paper analyzes key achievements in sociocultural research of economic development for the last twenty years. Firstly, the paper describes the main approaches in sociocultural studies and key trends in empirical research (including causality issues). Secondly, it poses critical open questions in sociocultural research concerning the relationship between culture and institutions, within-country cultural differences, and culture in dynamics. It demonstrates how the research into culture is connected to the studies of social capital. Finally, the paper formulates the theses of the sociocultural economics research field.

“CULTURE” AND “CIVILIZATION”: ACTUAL MEANINGS

The article discusses the main approaches to understanding the designated terms in scientific thought in the second half of the XX - early XXI centuries. Within the framework of modern sociocultural research, on the one hand, national traditions are developing in defining the concepts of "culture" and "civilization", on the other, new connotations are being created. According to the authors of the article, the considered approaches to determining the meanings of the phenomena of culture and civilization are the most significant, revealing the essence of modern society. Culture appears as: an anthropological category, reflecting the creative activity of a person, as an ontological category, suggesting that outside of culture there is no meaningful and meaningful human being; as an axiological category representing a system for storing and transmitting spiritual experience, values and ideals. Civilization acts as a praxeological category that characterizes the level of social and technological development of society, which is characterized by alienation from natural life, the priority of social values over environmental ones, and the transformative-deforming nature of activity.

Analysis of the sustainability level of the natural-territorial complex of the city of Tyumen

In this article, the authors present the results of the analysis of the key components of the natural-territorial complex (NTC) of the city, or the territory, natural, and natural-economic systems of the city. Under the conditions of urban development of the territory, the natural-territorial complex of the city undergoes anthropogenic impact, existing natural systems are modified, internal interconnections are broken, new ones are being formed for the purpose, content and functioning of natural-economic systems, and natural and anthropogenic risks can be manifested. The current conflict between natural and anthropogenic subsystems requires a comprehensive and integrated approach to their assessment [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. The authors proposed a methodology according to which the level of sustainability of the natural-territorial complex of the city of Tyumen in terms of its urbanization is determined. The methodology includes a hierarchy analysis method, a comprehensive assessment, cluster analysis, sociocultural research, a cartographic method, and a modeling method [5, 8, 9, 10, 11]. The analysis includes ten planning areas (districts) of the city: Bereznyakovsky (1), Tarmansky (2), Parfenovsky (3), Zatyumensky (4), Zarechny (5), Central (6), Gilevsky (7), Verkhneborsky (13), Mysovsky (14), Novoroshchinsky (15). The assessment is presented in more detail on the example of two districts – Central and Zarechny (Fig. 2).

History and development trends of Egyptian cities in the 19th century

Egypt has always attracted the attention of researchers as one of the oldest centers of civilization; many historical, geographical, cultural and religious studies have been devoted to its study. Taking into account the fact that the Arab Republic of Egypt occupies a leading position in the modern Arab East, more attention in historical and cultural studies is paid to the problems of the formation of Egypt, the history of its political, socioeconomic, cultural, literary and religious movements of modern and modern times. However, the processes of urbanization in Egypt today are on the periphery of sociocultural research, they are not given due attention. The beginning of the 19th century and the reforms of Muhammad Ali, as well as the construction of the Suez Canal, can be considered a conventional starting point for urbanization. The scientific article shows a direct relationship between the construction of the Suez Canal and the processes of Europeanization of the country launched by Muhammad Ali and his successors. The creation of large European cities, the impetus for the development of which was given by the construction of the Suez Canal, was subjected to a detailed analysis.