Paediatric tracheostomy: a unique situation in a tertiary children’s hospital in Sabah, Malaysia

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This paper presents our experience in paediatric tracheostomy in a tertiary children’s hospital and to describe the unique multi-racial and multi-ethnic social demographics involved. Moreover, we would like to highlight an unusual social concern in the state of Sabah, Malaysia and its challenges when treating illegal immigrant children.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective case note review was conducted for all paediatric patients who underwent tracheostomy between January 2014 to December 2018.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Seventy-six patients were recruited. Among them thirteen (17.1%) were illegal immigrant children. The commonest indication for tracheostomy was for prolonged assisted ventilation (60.5%), followed by upper airway obstruction (38.2%) and bronchial toileting (1.3%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reflects the current trend in regards to the indication for paediatric tracheostomy. The challenges in treating illegal immigrant children need to be considered on a case by case basis encompassing the family’s economic situation, hospital policies and the child well-being.</p>

Why We Should Use the Term Illegalized Immigrant

Introduction The Associated Press (AP) recently announced an important change to its Stylebook: it “no longer sanctions the term ‘illegal immigrant’” (Colford, 2013; Morison, 2013). AP suggested alternative phrases, such as “person entering a country illegally” or “without legal permission” (Morison, 2013). While these phrases may be accurate, they are wordy, prompting AP’s Senior Vice President and Executive Editor, Kathleen Carroll, to project that suitable terminology will evolve “down the road” (Colford, 2013). In this Research Brief, I argue for the adoption of illegalized immigrant to fill the terminology gap.

Why We Should Use the Term Illegalized Immigrant

Introduction The Associated Press (AP) recently announced an important change to its Stylebook: it “no longer sanctions the term ‘illegal immigrant’” (Colford, 2013; Morison, 2013). AP suggested alternative phrases, such as “person entering a country illegally” or “without legal permission” (Morison, 2013). While these phrases may be accurate, they are wordy, prompting AP’s Senior Vice President and Executive Editor, Kathleen Carroll, to project that suitable terminology will evolve “down the road” (Colford, 2013). In this Research Brief, I argue for the adoption of illegalized immigrant to fill the terminology gap.

Sin Nombre, Babel, and the Conflicts in Contact Zones

Contact zones can be understood as spaces where cultures meet and establish relations of power based on historical processes of domination and inequality. In such spaces and under such circumstances, power dynamics are sometimes resulted from the act of geographic dislocation, executed either by the individual from a central culture who is seen as the tourist or expatriate, or by the subaltern subject who travels to an imperialist nation in search of better prospects, who is seen as the – sometimes illegal – immigrant. The objective of this article is to examine Sin Nombre (2009) and Babel (2006), two films that bring representations of both instances of transit and the inequity of power, through the lens of the postcolonial concept of contact zones.

Sanksi Pidana bagi Pelaku Penyelundupan Imigran Gelap

The smuggling of illegal immigrants in Indonesia is an old problem, compounded by the situation in which people smuggling is carried out by Indonesian citizens themselves. The weak law regarding smuggling of illegal immigrants owned by Indonesia has made Indonesia no longer a transit country, but has become a smuggling destination country. Illegal immigrant smuggling can be defined as an activity that has the aim of making a profit, by bringing illegal foreigners to enter Indonesian territory. This study aims to determine the application of the illegal immigrant smuggling crime in Indonesia and to know the criminal sanctions against the illegal immigrant smugglers. This type of research used in this research is normative legal research using the literature review method in finding legal material. The data sources are Primary Legal Materials, which are binding legal materials, namely the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the RKUHP in Chapter XXII of human smuggling, the Law concerning. The data was collected by means of a documentation study which was carried out by reading and recording the explanatory information obtained. The materials that have been collected are then processed using the inductive deductive method or vice versa, in order to obtain quality legal materials in accordance with the subject matter discussed which in the end the processing will be presented descriptively. The results show that the illegal immigrant smuggling crime is regulated in Article 120 of Law Number 6 of 2011. Then, the perpetrator of the illegal immigrant smuggling crime will be imprisoned for a minimum of 5 (five) years and a maximum of 15 (fifteen) years with a minimum fine of five hundred million rupiah and a maximum of one billion five hundred million rupiah.

Need for alteration of undercover operations in the frame of European legislation for the successful suppression of organized illegal immigrant trafficking and the associated transportation of individuals enmeshed in terrorism

<p>The purpose of the present article is to make an effective proposal for combating terrorist attacks related to illegal migration. It is stated that terrorist attacks and illegal immigration are organized criminal phenomena that are occasionally interconnected. The peculiarity of these crimes is that they radically affect societies and that combating preparatory illegal acts for their perpetration does not restrain the entire criminal activity. Under these circumstances it results that undercover operations are an effective, penetrative means of preventing organized criminal activities. Finally, it is concluded that the confluence of two particularly serious crimes leads to the proposal for adopting a new (more penetrative) type of undercover operation through the prism of the principle of proportionality.<br></p>

Need for alteration of undercover operations in the frame of European legislation for the successful suppression of organized illegal immigrant trafficking and the associated transportation of individuals enmeshed in terrorism

<p>The purpose of the present article is to make an effective proposal for combating terrorist attacks related to illegal migration. It is stated that terrorist attacks and illegal immigration are organized criminal phenomena that are occasionally interconnected. The peculiarity of these crimes is that they radically affect societies and that combating preparatory illegal acts for their perpetration does not restrain the entire criminal activity. Under these circumstances it results that undercover operations are an effective, penetrative means of preventing organized criminal activities. Finally, it is concluded that the confluence of two particularly serious crimes leads to the proposal for adopting a new (more penetrative) type of undercover operation through the prism of the principle of proportionality.<br></p>