scholarly journals Need for alteration of undercover operations in the frame of European legislation for the successful suppression of organized illegal immigrant trafficking and the associated transportation of individuals enmeshed in terrorism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Illegal Immigrant ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Undercover Operation ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

<p>The purpose of the present article is to make an effective proposal for combating terrorist attacks related to illegal migration. It is stated that terrorist attacks and illegal immigration are organized criminal phenomena that are occasionally interconnected. The peculiarity of these crimes is that they radically affect societies and that combating preparatory illegal acts for their perpetration does not restrain the entire criminal activity. Under these circumstances it results that undercover operations are an effective, penetrative means of preventing organized criminal activities. Finally, it is concluded that the confluence of two particularly serious crimes leads to the proposal for adopting a new (more penetrative) type of undercover operation through the prism of the principle of proportionality.<br></p>

scholarly journals Need for alteration of undercover operations in the frame of European legislation for the successful suppression of organized illegal immigrant trafficking and the associated transportation of individuals enmeshed in terrorism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Illegal Immigrant ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Undercover Operation ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

<p>The purpose of the present article is to make an effective proposal for combating terrorist attacks related to illegal migration. It is stated that terrorist attacks and illegal immigration are organized criminal phenomena that are occasionally interconnected. The peculiarity of these crimes is that they radically affect societies and that combating preparatory illegal acts for their perpetration does not restrain the entire criminal activity. Under these circumstances it results that undercover operations are an effective, penetrative means of preventing organized criminal activities. Finally, it is concluded that the confluence of two particularly serious crimes leads to the proposal for adopting a new (more penetrative) type of undercover operation through the prism of the principle of proportionality.<br></p>

You Say You Want a Reformation? Parsing the Ubiquitous Rhetoric of an “Islamic Reformation”

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-73
Author(s):  
Paul R. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Political Change ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of

The ideas of an “Islamic Reformation” and a “Muslim Luther” have been much discussed, especially since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This “Reformation” rhetoric, however, displays little consistency, encompassing moderate, liberalizing trends as well as their putative opposite, Islamist “fundamentalism.” The rhetoric and the diverse phenomena to which it refers have provoked both enthusiastic endorsement and vigorous rejection. After briefly surveying the history of “Islamic Reformation” rhetoric, the present article argues for a four-part typology to account for most recent instances of such rhetoric. The analysis reveals that few who employ the terminology of an “Islamic Reformation” consider the specific details of its implicit analogy to the Protestant Reformation, but rather use this language to add emotional weight to various prescriptive agendas. However, some examples demonstrate the potential power of the analogy to illuminate important aspects of religious, social, and political change in the modern Islamic world.

scholarly journals The Image of Refugees and the Features of its Development in Lithuanian Online Newspapers

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 71-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Matas
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Negative Context ◽  
The Media

The considerable number of refugees fleeing to Europe has an impact on countries’ economic, political and social agenda, as well as the processes of society. The European refugee (migrant) crisis, which began in 2015, brought out not only different attitudes toward refugees among Eu­ropean Union politicians, but also revealed how diverse the coverage of na­tional media may get on the refugee topic. Refugees flee to Europe from various countries and diverse cultural back­grounds. However, society lacks the knowledge about their religious beliefs, lifestyles and outlooks. Moreover, the media has the power to decide which events and individuals to portray, and in such a way constructs the audi­ence’s perception about the world they live in. Refugee-related messages in the media usually occur in a negative context: terrorist attacks, refugee deaths, criminal activity and protests. However, the media does not only construct, but also has the power to change prejudice toward refugees, ensuring that one of its aims is interaction between diverse social groups. The author combines quantitative and qualitative research methods for media messages and analyzes dominant stereotypes about refugees in Lithu­anian online media. The types of refugee-related publications are also exam­ined. Three research periods were chosen: 1-31 July 2015, 1-30 November 2015 and 1-31 January 2016. The main goals are to theoretically discuss the media’s role and peculiarities in shaping certain images which society main­tains, as well as to define the stereotypes and their role in society. Lithuanian online newspapers are commercial institutions, which – in order to compete in the market – strive to engage consumers. Delivering mes­sages quickly and in large quantities often matters more than their content and the reliability of sources. This, in turn, leads to the information being distorted or superficial. Lithuanian newspapers construct a negative refugee image, where the most dominant images of refugees are as individuals who are uncontrollable, aggressive and prone to commit crime, being either gang members, terrorists or benefit recipients.

La perversión política en el Perú: Un análisis intersubjetivo de la corrupción

2015 ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Jerjes Loayza Javier
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Beneficial Elements

Nivel: ComunicadoFecha de recepción: 20 de julio de 2011Fecha de aprobación: 19 de agosto de 2011ResumenEl artículo analiza los actos de corrupción e inmoralidad de diversa índole a manos de los parlamentarios peruanos en los años 2007-2010, para lo cual se propone el análisis tanto de los representantes políticos, como de los ciudadanos. Para analizar dichos fenómenos se parte de un marco teórico que incumbe la intersubjetividad en la política en torno a lo simbólico y lo emotivo. Si bien el infractor comete actos inicuos, tipificados por su ilegalidad e inmoralidad, éste pensaría, que dichas prácticas son inofensivas, más aun, beneficiosas. Serían injustas sólo al descubrirse. Tanto lo injusto, como lo beneficioso, se vincularían y se reforzarían en este tipo de prácticas. Asimismo, la ciudadanía, al verse prefigurada por actos ilegales, figurarían a su vez, contextos en los que tolerarían y hasta retroalimentarían dicho proceso, pervirtiendo la política.Palabras clave: Congreso, corrupción y magma de significaciones.AbstractThe present article analyzes acts of corruption and inmorality commited by some peruvian congressmen between the years 2007 and 2010. For this porpuse the analisis will be made upon said congressmen and also on the citizens which they supposedly represent. To analyze this problem we will start from a theoretical framework that contains the intersubjectivity in politics around simbolism and emotivism. Although the offender commits iniquitous acts typified by their immorality and unlawfulness, he or she might consider them to be innocuous and, moreover, beneficial. They would be unfair only if they are uncovered. Both the unfair and beneficial elements would be vinculated with each other and would reinforce themselves in this kind of practices. Since the citizenry is foreshadowed by these illegal acts, it might conceive and allow contexts in which said acts are tolerated, and even give feedback onto this relation.Key Words: Congress, corruption, magma of meanings.

Illegal Immigration to Hong Kong

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 601-621
Author(s):  
Chung-Tong Wu ◽  
Christine Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Boat People ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
Identity Cards

Illegal migration from China is contrasted to that from Vietnam to highlight Hong Kong's unique place in such flows. Political upheavals in China, economic recessions and labor shortages in Hong Kong have caused waves of legal and illegal Chinese migration into Hong Kong which have been effectively contained through the vigilance of border patrols, police checks for identity cards, fines on employers of illegals, and cooperation from China. The increased numbers of Vietnamese boat people from 1988 led to a hardening in government and public attitudes, resulting in the reclassification of refugees as illegal migrants. The key difference in Hong Kong's effectiveness at stemming these two illegal migrant streams has been bilateral cooperation, which has been achieved with China but lacking in the case of Vietnam.

The EU Right to Asylum: An Individual Entitlement to (Access) International Protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Moreno-Lax
Keyword(s):  
Free Movement ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter analyses the right to asylum enshrined in Article 18 CFR and its relevance in relation to access to international protection in the EU. It sets out the origins and evolution of the notion. The chapter shows the impact of the CSR51 and the ECHR on the classic understanding that the right of asylum is a matter exclusively belonging to the sovereign. The rights to leave any country and to seek asylum implicit in those instruments are assessed, together with the principle of proportionality and the limits it imposes on State discretion, and the intersection with the absolute prohibition of refoulement. The ‘right to gain effective access to the procedure for determining refugee status’ established by the Strasbourg Court as well as developments within the Common European Asylum System are also given attention. Comparisons are made with the approach adopted by the CJEU in the areas of free movement, legal/illegal migration, and EU citizenship. This serves as a basis for the clarification of the meaning of the right to (leave to seek) asylum inscribed in the Charter that Member States must ‘guarantee’ and its implications for mechanisms of ‘integrated border management’.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of combating illegal migration in Ukraine and the EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 472-491
Author(s):  
Yurii Kuryliuk ◽  
Mariia Slyvka ◽  
Yaroslav Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Eu

Through a methodology of legal interpretation and analyze the stages of formation of migration policy and legislation in Ukraine since its independence. It was determined that in the initial stage the main elements of the legal regulation of migration processes in Ukraine were the development of the legal framework on migration, the initiation of international cooperation and the creation of organizational structures that address migration issues. The article also analyzes the extensive system of normative acts developed in Ukraine today, aimed at the legal regulation of migration processes and the fight against illegal migration. In this context, the details of the fight against illegal immigration in EU countries are described. Finally, the guidelines for EU migration policy in the field of combating illegal immigration are studied. It is concluded that, unlike Ukraine, where the fight against illegal immigration is mainly limited to the establishment of prohibitions and fines for illegal immigrants, the EU has developed a system of incentives and measures aimed at supporting third countries, among other aspects.

scholarly journals La perversión política en el Perú: Un análisis intersubjetivo de la corrupción

2015 ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Jerjes Loayza Javier
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Beneficial Elements

Nivel: ComunicadoFecha de recepción: 20 de julio de 2011Fecha de aprobación: 19 de agosto de 2011ResumenEl artículo analiza los actos de corrupción e inmoralidad de diversa índole a manos de los parlamentarios peruanos en los años 2007-2010, para lo cual se propone el análisis tanto de los representantes políticos, como de los ciudadanos. Para analizar dichos fenómenos se parte de un marco teórico que incumbe la intersubjetividad en la política en torno a lo simbólico y lo emotivo. Si bien el infractor comete actos inicuos, tipificados por su ilegalidad e inmoralidad, éste pensaría, que dichas prácticas son inofensivas, más aun, beneficiosas. Serían injustas sólo al descubrirse. Tanto lo injusto, como lo beneficioso, se vincularían y se reforzarían en este tipo de prácticas. Asimismo, la ciudadanía, al verse prefigurada por actos ilegales, figurarían a su vez, contextos en los que tolerarían y hasta retroalimentarían dicho proceso, pervirtiendo la política.Palabras clave: Congreso, corrupción y magma de significaciones.AbstractThe present article analyzes acts of corruption and inmorality commited by some peruvian congressmen between the years 2007 and 2010. For this porpuse the analisis will be made upon said congressmen and also on the citizens which they supposedly represent. To analyze this problem we will start from a theoretical framework that contains the intersubjectivity in politics around simbolism and emotivism. Although the offender commits iniquitous acts typified by their immorality and unlawfulness, he or she might consider them to be innocuous and, moreover, beneficial. They would be unfair only if they are uncovered. Both the unfair and beneficial elements would be vinculated with each other and would reinforce themselves in this kind of practices. Since the citizenry is foreshadowed by these illegal acts, it might conceive and allow contexts in which said acts are tolerated, and even give feedback onto this relation.Key Words: Congress, corruption, magma of meanings.

scholarly journals Labour Law of E.U. About the Free Circolation: A Comment on Recent Discussion According to Most Relevant Pronunciations of Justice Court

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Antonio Vito Pasquale Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Community System ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

Today, into Shengen’s area, some of the european countries -among which the Austrian Republic- because of illegal immigration and because of the terrorist attacks too, decide for the temporany national frontier closing: directly between the same countries that build up the European Union. If it happens, in this period, it would mean also the unavoidable restriction of the working rights among the european citizens. But what did represent and does represent the freedom of circulation among the workers in the law Community system? Naturally there will be a law discussion about: in this occasion we try to give an aswer to this question, according to the right, but -above all- let’s try to bring back the discussion on a line of law correctness, according to the recent decisions of the European Court of Justice that set limits to the topic.

scholarly journals The Myth of 9/11 in Latin America

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Lopez Garcia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
The U.S

It is often argued that the first and most visible impact of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 has been the reordering of Washington’s priorities in its relations with Latin America. The United States (U.S.) has focused its attention outside the hemisphere and placed Latin America at the “bottom of U.S. terrorist agenda” (Youngers 2003). Various scholars argue that the U.S has returned to its Cold-War stance, in which it only notices those developments in Latin America that directly challenge U.S. interests (Hakim 2006). Accordingly, after 9/11 U.S. security demands have overshadowed other issues that Latin American countries consider priorities (Youngers 2003, 2). Susan Kauffman (2002), for instance, posits that: “once again the United States is looking at Latin America through a security lens, while Latin America wants the emphasis to remain on economic development.” The effects of U.S. foreign policy towards Latin America after 9/11 have not repeated the pattern of the Cold War. Although Latin America no longer is the overriding priority of American foreign policy, the U.S. has not neglected the region, nor, as many analysts have argued (Shifter 2004; Youngers 2003; Hakim 2006; Roett 2006), has it become disengaged from the hemisphere. The terrorist attacks did not introduce a different agenda for U.S.-Latin American relations from that of the post-Cold-War period. Free trade, illegal migration and the fight against drugs have continued to be the main issues of U.S.-Latin American relations. Even the trend towards militarization of U.S. foreign policy began in Latin America long before the terrorist attacks. U.S.-Latin America relations have been affected significantly not by the consequences of 9/11, but rather by the negative effects of the U.S-promoted economic model in the region. The failures of the so-called Washington Consensus are not linked to the terrorist attacks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document