A Literatura Africana no Ensino Médio: Análise da Coleção Português Contemporâneo: Diálogo, Reflexão e Uso (2016) / African Literature in High School: Collection Analysis Contemporary Portuguese: Dialogue, Reflection and Use (2016)

Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como a Literatura africana de língua portuguesa se apresenta na coleção Português Contemporâneo diálogo, reflexão e uso, ensino médio dos autores Cereja; Viena; Damien (2016), adotada pela Escola de Referência Anisio Veras, da cidade de Verdejante-PE. A pesquisa está fundamentada em estudos que abordam a Literatura africana e seu contexto de ensino em livros didáticos no ensino médio, como podemos destacar em Brasil (2008); Abdala Júnior (2006), Souza (2006), Machado (2010) Silva (2003), Sidrim (2019), Lopes (2010), Chaves (2006), Honwana (2006), Fonseca; Moreira (2017), Ferreira (1987), dentre outros. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa, do tipo documental e método dedutivo, Fachin (2006), Prodanov; Freitas (2013) e Cardano (2017). Os resultados indicam que o ensino da literatura africana na coleção analisada é pouco explorado, uma vez que no volume I quase não encontramos nenhum conteúdo; no volume II apenas uma citação por conta de uma entrevista realizada com o cantor Emicida acerca do racismo e, no volume III nos deparamos com apenas um capítulo que apresenta uma pequena discussão de textos e autores. Dessa forma, vemos que os livros didáticos não contemplam em sua totalidade os estudos voltados para as literaturas africanas. --- This research aims to analyze how Portuguese-speaking African Literature is presented in the Contemporary Portuguese collection dialogue, reflection and use, secondary education by the authors Cereja; Vienna; Damien (2016), adopted by the Anisio Veras Reference School, in the city of Verdejante-PE. The research is based on studies that address African Literature and its context of teaching in textbooks in high school, as we can highlight in Brazil (2008); Abdala Júnior (2006), Souza (2006), Machado (2010) Silva (2003), Sidrim (2019), Lopes (2010), Chaves (2006), Honwana (2006), Fonseca; Moreira (2017), Ferreira (1987), among others. The methodology used in the research was qualitative, documental and deductive method, Fachin (2006), Prodanov; Freitas (2013) and Cardano (2017). The results indicate that the teaching of African literature in the analyzed collection is little explored, since in volume I we hardly found any content; in volume II there is only a quote due to an interview carried out with the singer Emicida about racism and in volume III we are faced with only one chapter that presents a small discussion of texts and authors. In this way, we see that textbooks do not fully include studies aimed at African literatures.

Regional Development Strategies for Major Cities - According to Economic Indicators - The Region of Aleppo's Greater City as a Case Study: الاستراتيجيات التنموية لأقاليم المدن الكبرى - وفق المؤشرات الاقتصادية - حالة دراسية - إقليم مدينة حلب الكبرى

The aim of the study was to define some developmental concepts and discuss a variety of development theories that addressed economic development and its effect on the development and growth of the regions of major cities. The importance of the economic factor in the development process was emphasized in most development theories, by determining the most suitable investment locations and the best delivery of activities and services based on the best relationships. Afterwards, some Arab and international experiences were examined, which discussed the topic of research based on an analytical study of various economic considerations, and different scenarios were used to set development plans based on the priorities for achieving goals that differed by country. The study assumes that the lack of developmental balance between the city and its region is due to land use inconsistency and a lack of long-term planning for available resources and development potential. This resulted in the loss of many commercial and development prospects, a decline in agricultural output, and a rise in real estate rents in the surrounding areas of big cities in general, and Aleppo in particular. To track the problem, we used the historical method, the inductive method to read the facts, the deductive method to elicit the sources of the problem, the analytical method to analyze the causes, and the results were formulated using the analysis. Then, based on the strategies, theories, and experiences studied in the first topic, a development strategy was proposed based on the development indicators of the Greater Aleppo City region. To promote sustainable growth in the country, this strategy seeks to reduce development disparities throughout the region and achieve equity in the distribution of economic activity.

SUBJECTS EXECUTING CUSTODIAL SENTENCES: CONCEPT, CHARACTERISTICS, CLASSIFICATION

В последние десятилетия окончательно определена правовая основа служебной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы и исправительных учреждений. Сотрудники исправительных учреждений помимо субъекта несения службы являются важным субъектом, на которого государством возложены полномочия по приведению в исполнение меры государственного принуждения - наказания (самостоятельно или в составе учреждения, органа). Субъекты, исполняющие наказания в виде лишения свободы, обладают определенными признаками. К ним относятся: внешняя обособленность, персонификация, способность вырабатывать, выражать и осуществлять персонифицированную волю, приобретение свойства субъекта права в силу юридических норм. Рассматриваемых субъектов следует классифицировать на три группы: 1) исправительные учреждения (территориальный орган ФСИН России); 2) коллективные субъекты, исполняющие наказания (администрация, персонал (работники) исправительных учреждений); 3) персональные субъекты, исполняющие наказания (начальник исправительного учреждения, сотрудник исправительного учреждения). Цель работы - показать роль и значение субъектов, исполняющих наказания в виде лишения свободы, определить их ключевые черты и установить виды (персональные, коллективные либо имеющие статус юридического лица). Методами исследования в научной статье явились универсальные методы (анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, аналогия и классификация); теоретические методы (абстрагирование, гипотетико-дедуктивный метод) и др. Выводы и результаты работы определяются достижением ее целей. In recent decades, the legal basis for the official activities of employees of the penitentiary system and correctional institutions has been finally determined. Employees of correctional institutions, in addition to the subject of service, are an important subject to whom the State has the authority to enforce a measure of state coercion - punishment (independently or as part of an institution, body). Subjects who execute sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty have certain characteristics. These include: external isolation, personification, the ability to develop, express and exercise a personalized will, the acquisition of the property of the subject of law by virtue of legal norms. The subjects under consideration should be classified into three groups: 1) correctional institutions (territorial body of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia); 2) collective subjects executing punishments (administration, staff (employees) of correctional institutions); 3) personal subjects executing punishments (the head of a correctional institution, a correctional institution employee). The purpose of the work is to show the role and significance of the subjects executing sentences in the form of imprisonment, to identify their key features and to establish types (personal, collective or having the status of a legal entity). The research methods in the scientific article were universal methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and classification); theoretical methods (abstraction, hypothetical and deductive method), etc. The conclusions and results of the work are determined by the achievement of its goals.

La Equidad en los Tributos; Necesidad de un Régimen Especial Tributario para el Sector Agrario

The objective of the present work consists on demonstrating the necessity of a special tributary treatment for the agricultural activity. The formulated hypothesis sustains that premises that base the necessity from an applicable special tributary regime to the agricultural activity exist. The scientific result consists on a systematizing of the premises that you/they argue the necessity of a special tributary regime for the activity agricultural, such arguments they reside in the own definition of the agricultural activity, its peculiar ones as economic activity, its social relevance and politics and its specialty, as well as the fellow’s features that carries out it and the finalists principles that guide to the juridical mark that governs this activity. Firstly, starting from the analysis and the synthesis and of the deductive method, is carried out a juridical theoretical study to the effects of systematizing the arguments in the doctrine that have referred to the necessity of the fiscal incentives guided to the promotion of the agricultural sector. And a second part, a compared juridical study is undertaken guided to identify the most outstanding normative experiences as for the special tributary treatment for the promotion of the agricultural sector.

Limites Éticos para o Uso da Inteligência Artificial no Sistema de Justiça Brasileiro, de Acordo com a Lei 13.709 de 2018 (LGPD) e Resoluções 331 e 332 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça

This research analyzes how artificial intelligence has been applied by the Judiciary in Brazil. What ethical limits should be established and observed in the implementation of Artificial Intelligence before the Resolutions of the CNJ, n. 331 that established the National Database of the Judiciary – DataJud, n. 332 that provides for ethics, transparency and Governance in the production and use of Artificial Intelligence in the Judiciary and Law 13,709 of 2018 that regulates data protection in Brazil. It is concluded that based on the Ethics on the use of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems (CEPEJ), based on Articles 5, XXXVII and LIII, Article 93, IX of the CF/88, Article 20 of 13,709/2018 (LGPD) and Resolutions 331 and 332/2020 of the CNJ point to the need for human supervision in judicial decisions that use artificial intelligence in observance of the right of explanation and review. There are ethical limits to be observed in the production and use of Artificial Intelligence to avoid the bias and opacity of data that may contaminate judicial decisions from absolute nullity. Deductive method and bibliographic technique are used for the production of this article.

A (NÃO) CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA TIPIFICAÇÃO DO CRIME DE CURANDEIRISMO PARA A DEMONIZAÇÃO DAS RELIGIÕES DE MATRIZES AFRICANAS

The observation of the data of religious intolerance in Brazil against Afro-Brazilian religions generates curiosity about the reasons why this occurs. Inserting Criminal Law as a matter of analysis, the crime of african traditional medicine provided for in Article 284 of the Penal Code might be assessed as a possible reflection of religious racism within the legal system. Whereas, in order to classify the aforementioned crime, the protected legal good is public security, the concept of health privileged by the ordering system will stand out, in contrast to those adopted by african cults. By demonizing these religions, the practice of healing is criminalized, but also a determined way of existing, being and remaining in this the world. The main objective of the research is, therefore, to verify if the typification of the healing crime contributes to the demonization of African-based religions. For that, the bibliographic research technique and the deductive method will be used. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the law functions as an instrument to maintain the interests of a certain racial group. With the work of political and legal forces legitimizing ethnocentrism and the persecution of AfroBrazilian religions, the typification of the crime of africn traditional medicine silences beliefs of African matrices, contributing to the increase of religious intolerance against them and perpetuating structural racism in the Brazilian legal system.

Human Rights in Times of the Pandemic: A Dialogue on Migration and Indigenous Rights in Brazil before the Regional Inter-American System

This paper using the deductive method of approach based on regional scope for the protection of human rights, aims to demonstrate that the Brazilian state actions took during the pandemic, in terms of strategies, policies and measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic had severe consequences specially for indigenous and migrants population in Brazil, increasing the level of vulnerability of that population in its territory. It will also consider that in spite of adhering the unconditional observance of inter-American and international standards on human rights, the Brazilian government ignored such agreements and therefore causing social economic losses and about hundreds of deaths.

Characteristics of Ethical Leadership: Themes Identification Through Convergent Parallel Mixed Method Design From the Pakistan Context

The current approaches in identifying the characteristics of ethical leadership proceed mainly from a Western perspective based on virtue-driven moral philosophy (i.e., relativism) and frequently ignoring the Asian perspective of morality based on idealism. This study aimed to conduct parallel analysis in convergent design by using qualitative and quantitative methods to extract person-driven ethical leadership themes by considering the Asian context. Using the hypothetico-deductive method, 13 themes were extracted altogether, out of which 4 are new context-driven themes (i.e., altruism, encouragement, collective good, and spiritual transcendence as the emerging themes of ethical leadership in the Asian context).

Experience tourism: development possibilities in the Bioceanic Corridor

The tourism sector is one of the most powerful generators of economic growth, employment, added value, and services export in the world. In this context, the objective of this article is to discuss tourism and experience tourism possibilities in the region that the Bioceanic Corridor will traverse from the Latin American Integration Route (RILA), involving Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine, and reaching Northern Chile in Antofagasta and Iquique. Regarding methodology, it uses the deductive method and is based on bibliographic and documentary research with access to the articles, indicators, and documents needed. In this regard, regional development issues are presented, followed by experience tourism as a possibility for development, and finally, some indicators and data about tourism are analyzed, seeking an interface with the Bioceanic Corridor. After analyses, it is pointed out that tourism has become one of the fundamental factors for territorial development, presenting new and other values and meanings to the territory, as well as a production resource, discovering another perspective when interpreting rural and natural spaces. Thus, it arises as a new alternative to globalization and, in this context, experience tourism gains prominence considering the significant increase of tourism in the world in 2010, and perspectives until 2030. It is inferred, therefore, that RILA is a great window of opportunity for socioeconomic development through tourism and more specifically experience tourism.

WATER-BASED SETTLEMENTS AND THE URBAN PLANNING CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA A CASE STUDY OF BANJARMASIN CITY

The Banjarmasin city is located in territorial waters. The development is currently causing problems related to the context of the aquatic environment. This is because urban development planning is not in accordance with the environmental context. Therefore, this article aims to determine the sustainability of water-based settlements in aquatic environment in Banjarmasin city. This is a qualitative article with the descriptive method used to explain the environmental structure and architectural elements of water-based settlements. Primary and secondary data were obtained from field observations and the city government in the form of maps and pictures of settlements. The data collected were analyzed with the descriptive approach and concluded using the deductive method. This article reveals the form of residence due to community adaptation to water areas and finds that urban spatial development policies need to understand the community's adaptation process as a local brand of city identity. The concept of 'living with water is a future challenge because it is a water-based cultural adaptation strategy. The architecture of the floating residence has the opportunity to be developed into a floating settlement and city. Therefore, the adaptation of residential architectural forms and environmental structures supports the Banjarmasin city as a waterfront city.