The Phenomenon of Illegal Immigration (the Effectiveness of Libyan Procedures and Laws in Confronting it) (Intentional Study)

The study aimed to identify the phenomenon of illegal immigration and the effectiveness of Libyan procedures and laws in confronting it. The problem of the study lies in the fact that Libya suffers from the presence of many illegal refugees on its territory significantly, and despite the Libyan state taking many measures that prevent compromising the sovereignty of the Libyan state and violating laws and the exploitation of smuggling groups across the land borders of the deteriorating security situation since 2011, but that Illegal immigrants are still crossing the land borders, and there are still many smuggling and human trafficking operations trying to flow inside Libyan territory, in violation of the provisions of the law, to try to escape to European countries from Libyan territory, which puts Libya in great trouble, especially in front of its international partners. The study highlights the importance of shedding light on the phenomenon of illegal immigration and its impact on the effectiveness of Libyan procedures and laws, and to identify the purposes of Sharia in the phenomenon of illegal immigration. The study uses the analytical method, where the analytical method contributes to analyzing the phenomenon of illegal immigration in Libya and to identifying the purposes of Sharia in combating the phenomenon of illegal immigration. The study uses the comparative approach to compare the Libyan laws and procedures applied during the period of conducting the study. This approach also contributes to comparing the Libyan laws with their counterparts in the countries that succeeded in combating the phenomenon of illegal immigration. The study reached many results, including that the pure illegal immigration is one of the most prominent phenomena.

Legal regulation of combating illegal migration in Ukraine and the EU

Through a methodology of legal interpretation and analyze the stages of formation of migration policy and legislation in Ukraine since its independence. It was determined that in the initial stage the main elements of the legal regulation of migration processes in Ukraine were the development of the legal framework on migration, the initiation of international cooperation and the creation of organizational structures that address migration issues. The article also analyzes the extensive system of normative acts developed in Ukraine today, aimed at the legal regulation of migration processes and the fight against illegal migration. In this context, the details of the fight against illegal immigration in EU countries are described. Finally, the guidelines for EU migration policy in the field of combating illegal immigration are studied. It is concluded that, unlike Ukraine, where the fight against illegal immigration is mainly limited to the establishment of prohibitions and fines for illegal immigrants, the EU has developed a system of incentives and measures aimed at supporting third countries, among other aspects.

Human dignity - source and foundation of human rights and freedoms in the 21st century

Human dignity is a criterion of appreciation among people, because each of us wants dignity, it comes from our own nature, but it can be achieved in the community of which we are part. Throughout the existence and development of mankind, there have been various situations in which, however, human dignity has been violated. These situations, in turn, in addition to making the problem visible, served as a pillar for inventing new areas of protection of human dignity, such as: from the perspective of unbearable social conditions and the marginalization of poor social classes; unequal treatment of women and men at work; discrimination against foreigners and cultural, linguistic, religious and racial minorities; brutal expulsion of illegal immigrants and applicants today, disability, medicine, etc. In light of such specific challenges, various aspects of the significance of human dignity arise from the multitude of experiences of what it means to be humiliated and deeply hurt. All these have taken to a new level the perception of human dignity and have generated, depending on the stated problem, different legal, international instruments meant to protect the dignity of human being.

Infodemics and Deadly Racist Viruses: covid-19 Response in the Chinese-Filipino Community

In the last decade, the Philippines has experienced an escalation of anti-Chinese sentiment due to many factors, founded and unfounded. The growing presence of illegal immigrants and crimes associated with them; an increase in the number of Chinese workers, who are perceived as competing with Filipino workers; an increase in Chinese businesses, especially in retail, some operating without permits; the continuing dispute between China and the Philippines over the islands in the West Philippine Sea; President Rodrigo Duterte’s China pivot policy and what has been deemed as favoring China to the detriment of the Philippines. This confluence of events has served to worsen the image of China. The covid-19 pandemic and the way the government responded to it worsened the sinophobia directed at anyone considered “Chinese,” including Filipinos of Chinese ancestry. This paper explores the racism vented against the Chinese and how the local Chinese-Filipino community has responded with positive action to help mitigate the anti-Chinese wave.

Why we dehumanize illegal immigrants: A US mixed-methods study

Dehumanization is a topic of significant interest for academia and society at large. Empirical studies often have people rate the evolved nature of outgroups and prior work suggests immigrants are common victims of less-than-human treatment. Despite existing work that suggests who dehumanizes particular outgroups and who is often dehumanized, the extant literature knows less about why people dehumanize outgroups such as immigrants. The current work takes up this opportunity by examining why people dehumanize immigrants said to be illegal and how measurement format affects dehumanization ratings. Participants (N = 672) dehumanized such immigrants more if their ratings were made on a slider versus clicking images of hominids, an effect most pronounced for Republicans. Dehumanization was negatively associated with warmth toward illegal immigrants and the perceived unhappiness felt by illegal immigrants from U.S. immigration policies. Finally, most dehumanization is not entirely blatant but instead, captured by virtuous violence and affect as well, suggesting the many ways that dehumanization can manifest as predicted by theory. This work offers a mechanistic account for why people dehumanize immigrants and addresses how survey measurement artifacts (e.g., clicking on images of hominids vs. using a slider) affect dehumanization rates. We discuss how these data extend dehumanization theory and inform empirical research.

Education Rights for Stateless Bidoon Children in Kuwait: The Voice of Government Officials

According to the United Nations, a stateless person is someone who has no legal identity in any nation whatsoever. In Kuwait, there are almost 110,000 stateless people who are known as Bidoon, which literally means “without”. Since 1991 Bidoon children have been shut out of the public school system as they are considered illegal immigrants. The only point of contact for legal interaction between the government of Kuwait and the Bidoon is the Central Agency for Remedying Illegal Immigrants’ Status. This complex bureaucracy has two conflicting responsibilities: (1) to investigate claims of citizenship by the Bidoon; and (2) to provide limited government services, including financial support to attend private schools. This research seeks to better understand the government’s position regarding Bidoon education, and present the individual voices and beliefs behind the government policies. Seven government officials were interviewed, including the head of the Central Agency. Their responses, arranged here around specific themes of visibility/invisibility, inclusion/exclusion, and denial/access, suggest some possible explanations for the government’s seeming lack of ability to resolve a situation that has continued for decades. By exploring the multitude of opinions that are impacting government policy, the present study aims to enhance understanding of the political and procedural roadblocks that are preventing the Kuwaiti government from resolving problems around educational access, legal status, and the rights of Bidoon children.

Refugees or Illegal Immigrants: The Problem of the Group in Refugee Protection

ABSTRACT This research excavates the case of Jewish refugees in Cyprus between 1946 and 1948. I argue that this case is formative of the development not just of the refugee, but—perhaps more interestingly—of the concept of “illegal immigration,” which relies on the constructed impossibility of group-based refugee protection. I contend that there is a paradox residing at the heart of the 1951 Refugee Convention definition of a refugee that produces the refugee as a singular victim while supporting the very conditions that create that victimhood—that is, persecution targeted at an identity group where the persecution is motivated by the shared identity (defined in the Refugee Convention by race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion). As the architecture of international human rights was built, the refugee definition was drafted in a way that embedded group-based exclusion in the design of the definition. I exemplify this through the case of Jewish refugees attempting to reach British Mandate Palestine in the 1940s, who were intercepted and detained in Cyprus. The case is worthy of attention because it exposes the absence of group protection in the refugee definition and the effect of that absence: a group is constituted as a threat and cannot be defined collectively as refugees. Instead, they become “illegal immigrants.” This case study of Jewish detention in Cyprus provides a key empirical example of oppression residing inside a historically liberal movement and in the resulting conditions of refugee protection.

Politics of rule of law: A human and state security perspective in the case of Jacob Zuma and geo-politics in the 21st century

This research is a desktop research that, looks at the ligament that connects politics of rule of law, human security and state security perspectives in the case of Jacob Zuma. The study looked at various framing and diverging interpretations of Zuma’s case by the various sections of South Africa. Some sections of the society especially the Zulus and Malema believed that, Zuma’s case is a continuation of apartheid politics and is targeted at the Zulu tribe who were the most vocal during war against Apartheid. From the perspective of the principle of the rule of law the law was applied without fear or favour. Former president Thabo Mbeki was concerned about timing as he believed that there was no urgency in handing inn the arrest warrant. Mbeki projected that, the judgement can result in loss of lives and property. Mbeki believed that, Ramaphosa should not pride himself in succeeding to jail Zuma but should look beyond the act. The study noted the human security dimension where the Zuma case is merely a scapegoat by already agitated general populace. From a security perspective the study noted that, the Bantustan revolution is not far from being imminent. The Zulus have for long been indoctrinating their children and forming regiments to prepare a reclamation of Zulu empire. Even the education in KwaZulu Natal prepares children to pursue the dream of the restoration of the Zulu empire. The role of agitated foreigners and illegal immigrants who crossed to South Africa in anticipation of sustainable livelihoods only to be bothered and subjected to xenophobic attacks. The violence presents an opportunity for them to loot and also to fight for a better South Africa since they do not harbour any prospective of turning to their countries anytime soon, South Africa is now their own country and any developments in the country affects them directly. Since political determination is through the ballot box a key aspect, limited to citizens. Non-citizens regard themselves as both de facto and de jure citizen Streets demos presents an opportunity for the non-voting constituency push for their human security needs. The study in light of the foregoing proposed case scenarios of the likelihood outcomes.

Politics of rule of law: A human and state security perspective in the case of Jacob Zuma and geo-politics in the 21st century

This research is a desktop research that, looks at the ligament that connects politics of rule of law, human security and state security perspectives in the case of Jacob Zuma. The study looked at various framing and diverging interpretations of Zuma’s case by the various sections of South Africa. Some sections of the society especially the Zulus and Malema believed that, Zuma’s case is a continuation of apartheid politics and is targeted at the Zulu tribe who were the most vocal during war against Apartheid. From the perspective of the principle of the rule of law the law was applied without fear or favour. Former president Thabo Mbeki was concerned about timing as he believed that there was no urgency in handing inn the arrest warrant. Mbeki projected that, the judgement can result in loss of lives and property. Mbeki believed that, Ramaphosa should not pride himself in succeeding to jail Zuma but should look beyond the act. The study noted the human security dimension where the Zuma case is merely a scapegoat by already agitated general populace. From a security perspective the study noted that, the Bantustan revolution is not far from being imminent. The Zulus have for long been indoctrinating their children and forming regiments to prepare a reclamation of Zulu empire. Even the education in KwaZulu Natal prepares children to pursue the dream of the restoration of the Zulu empire. The role of agitated foreigners and illegal immigrants who crossed to South Africa in anticipation of sustainable livelihoods only to be bothered and subjected to xenophobic attacks. The violence presents an opportunity for them to loot and also to fight for a better South Africa since they do not harbour any prospective of turning to their countries anytime soon, South Africa is now their own country and any developments in the country affects them directly. Since political determination is through the ballot box a key aspect, limited to citizens. Non-citizens regard themselves as both de facto and de jure citizen Streets demos presents an opportunity for the non-voting constituency push for their human security needs. The study in light of the foregoing proposed case scenarios of the likelihood outcomes.