The Effect of Cue Labeling in Multimedia Learning: Evidence From Eye Tracking

Cue labels are useful during multimedia learning. According to spatial contiguity principle, people learn more when related words and pictures are displayed spatially near one another. Well-arranged labels of multimedia material can greatly facilitate learning. This study used eye tracking to examine the joint influence of label size (large vs. small) and color (included vs. not) on multimedia learning. The results revealed that larger labels led to better retention test performance and a higher AOI glance count, but no cueing effect was found for color. Cues have a certain attention-leading function that promotes the learner remembering the content. These findings suggest that salient labels that provide explanatory information can guide learners’ attention and facilitate learning, though a combination of label size and color salience did not demonstrate a superior cueing effect.

Causal explanations for weight influence children’s social preferences: Biological-essentialist explanations reduce, and behavioral explanations promote, preferences for thin friends

The current study experimentally investigated the impact of causal-explanatory information on weight bias over development. Participants (n = 395, children ages 4–11 years and adults) received either a biological or behavioral explanation for body size, or neither, in three between-subjects conditions. Participants then made preference judgments for characters with smaller versus larger body sizes. Results showed that both behavioral and biological explanations impacted children’s preferences. Relative to children’s baseline preferences, behavioral explanations enhanced preferences for smaller characters, and biological explanations reduced these preferences—unlike the typical facilitative impact of biological-essentialist explanations on other biases. The explanations did not affect adults’ preferences. In contrast to previous findings, we demonstrate that causal knowledge can impact weight bias early in development.

Strategi Kepala Sekolah dalam Mempertahankan Mutu Pendidikan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di SMA Ar-Rahmah Malang

Scholl is one of the aspects affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, therefore the importance of the strategy of educational institution leaders in maintaining the quality of their education so that they can always maintain their existance to the wider community, therefore this study has the aim to knowing the strategies applied by the head master of SMA Ar-Rahmah in maintaining the wuality of education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The methode used in this research is kualitative descriptive explanatory, information retrieval using structured interview with the principal as a resource. The information analysis that is tried in problem research is reduction, presentation, and the drawing of conclusions. The result found in this study are as follow: 1) the headmaster maintains the quality of this education by improving teacher professionalism by providing coaching and training such as saqofiyah coaching which aims to maintain the faith of teachers to carry out learning well, 2) during this pandemic the headmaster pas attention to the immunity of school residents by giving eclia test, using strict health protocols, both when the teacher enters the school environment and in the learning process, 3) the headmaster keeps the teaching and learning process going well by maintaining the health of students by providing additional foot to increase the immunity of participants students, besides providing additional activities to reduce the boredom of students in the teaching and learning process.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR CREATING DIGITAL ENGINEERING-TOPOGRAPHIC-TOPOGRAPHICAL PLANS USING MATERIALS OF UNMANNED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SYSTEMS AT LOW ALTITUDES

Currently, the existing approaches to geodetic support for the design, survey, construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures do not fully meet the needs of the construction industry. Digital large scale topographic plans do not fully reflect the situation on the construction site. In this regard, to supplement digital engineering and topographic plans with information obtained using the survey materials of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is proposed. The article discusses the possibilities of obtaining and processing the materials of surveying with UAS at low altitudes, using the example of the construction of a new metro station in Novosibirsk. The DJI Phantom 4 PRO quadrocopter was used as a UAS. The accuracy of the obtained orthophotoplan is sufficiently suitable as explanatory information for the digital engineering and topographic plan of the object under study.

The seductive allure of technical language and the effect on covid-19 vaccine intentions

Background: Previous research has demonstrated a ‘seductive allure’ of technical or reductive language. Specifically, bad explanations – i.e., those presenting circular restatements of a phenomenon or other non-explanatory information – are judged better explanations when irrelevant technical language is included.Methods: Using a between subjects design we presented participants (N=996) with one of four possible vignettes that explain how covid-19 vaccinations and herd immunity works. The explanations varied along two factors: (1) Quality, explanations were either good or bad (tautological); (2) Language, explanations either contained unnecessary technical language or did not. We measured participants’ evaluation of the explanations (‘how good’ and ‘how satisfying’ they were) and subsequent intentions to vaccinate.Results: We demonstrate a novel ‘seductive allure’ effect of technical language on vaccine information. Including unnecessary technical language in informative explanations resulted in them being judged worse. However, including irrelevant technical terminology in bad quality explanations resulted in them being judged better. Importantly, we also observe indirect effects of the evaluation of explanations on behavioural intentions to vaccinate. Conclusions: We show that explanatory public health information that omits reductive technical language is more effective in increasing public intentions to vaccinate. We also suggest that misinformation that includes technical language could be more detrimental to vaccination rates.

During the Pandemic Period, the Determination and Relationship of Curling Athletes with Their Task and Ego Orientation and Personality Situations and the Remote Support Situations They Received

The aim of this study was to evaluate the personality, ego and task orientation of elite Curling athletes in the pandemic era, and the distance education support they received. Research questions were produced on the Google Forms and mailed to the athletes. Curling Super League, 1st League, and 2nd League players consisted of a total of 89 athletes were included. Explanatory information was given for the motivation of the athletes. The questionnaire consists of four stages. Explanatory information is provided for the motivation of the athletes. Demographic features are included in the 1st stage. It consists of 14 questions. At the 2nd stage, the “Task and Ego Orientation Scale in Sports” consisted of 13 items, seven of which are task orientation, and six of which are ego orientation. Those who respond to the scale participate in each article according to the evaluation system of 5. At the 3rd stage, the Eysenck Personality Scale, adapted by Karanci, consists of 23 questions in total. Questions were asked in the form of yes or no. In the final stage, there was a scale developed to evaluate the mental and physical support that Curling athletes received during the pandemic era. Athletes were expected to answer these questions. It was analyzed with SPSS 22.00 statistical program. By looking at the level of interaction between the questions, Pearson Correlation techniques were used. To test the construct validity of the scale, principal components factor analysis using Oblimin rotation method was used, item-total correlations were examined, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were examined to determine internal consistency. The Cronbach Alpha number was found to be .085. Furthermore, interpretations with a value of 0.05 were made as to the error value. As a result, it has been observed that there is a positive correlation between Ego and Task orientation, personality and Sport perception and orientation and distance education support. It has been observed that there is a negative relationship between the lying sub-dimension of personality and neuroticism. It has been observed that there is a positive relationship between the task and ego orientation dimension in sports and the orientation to perceive sports and distance education support. It has been observed that Curling athletes had good mental and physical preparation periods during this period. It was also concluded that the implications of the tests carried out should be monitored on other sports branches.

Sanksi Pidana bagi Pelaku Penyelundupan Imigran Gelap

The smuggling of illegal immigrants in Indonesia is an old problem, compounded by the situation in which people smuggling is carried out by Indonesian citizens themselves. The weak law regarding smuggling of illegal immigrants owned by Indonesia has made Indonesia no longer a transit country, but has become a smuggling destination country. Illegal immigrant smuggling can be defined as an activity that has the aim of making a profit, by bringing illegal foreigners to enter Indonesian territory. This study aims to determine the application of the illegal immigrant smuggling crime in Indonesia and to know the criminal sanctions against the illegal immigrant smugglers. This type of research used in this research is normative legal research using the literature review method in finding legal material. The data sources are Primary Legal Materials, which are binding legal materials, namely the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the RKUHP in Chapter XXII of human smuggling, the Law concerning. The data was collected by means of a documentation study which was carried out by reading and recording the explanatory information obtained. The materials that have been collected are then processed using the inductive deductive method or vice versa, in order to obtain quality legal materials in accordance with the subject matter discussed which in the end the processing will be presented descriptively. The results show that the illegal immigrant smuggling crime is regulated in Article 120 of Law Number 6 of 2011. Then, the perpetrator of the illegal immigrant smuggling crime will be imprisoned for a minimum of 5 (five) years and a maximum of 15 (fifteen) years with a minimum fine of five hundred million rupiah and a maximum of one billion five hundred million rupiah.

On Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness

The popular expectation is that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will soon surpass the capacities of the human mind and Strong Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) will replace the contemporary Weak AI. However, there are certain fundamental issues that have to be addressed before this can happen. There can be no intelligence without understanding, and there can be no understanding without getting meanings. Contemporary computers manipulate symbols without meanings, which are not incorporated in the computations. This leads to the Symbol Grounding Problem; how could meanings be incorporated? The use of self-explanatory sensory information has been proposed as a possible solution. However, self-explanatory information can only be used in neural network machines that are different from existing digital computers and traditional multilayer neural networks. In humans, self-explanatory information has the form of qualia. To have reportable qualia is to be phenomenally conscious. This leads to the hypothesis about an unavoidable connection between the solution of the Symbol Grounding Problem and consciousness. If, in general, self-explanatory information equals to qualia, then machines that utilize self-explanatory information would be conscious.

On Urines

This chapter concentrates on John’s uroscopic theories as presented in his On Urines. It starts by examining the structure of the work, showing John’s intention to systematize knowledge on the subject by dividing his treatise into four large thematic areas, i.e. introductory details, diagnosis, aetiology, and prognosis, thus presenting a general-to-specific approach in each section. The analysis then shifts to John’s theories on the various stages of human digestion, which had remained undisputed for centuries. It is shown that John is eager to present his own understanding, especially on the role of the liver. John’s own observations are also evident in his discussion of the different colours of urine thanks to the extra explanatory information he provides in this respect, especially on how to differentiate between various colours. The last section focuses on John’s urine vial, which although identified as an important feature of his original approach by earlier scholars, was never fully contextualized in light of a holistic reading of John’s work or of the development of other, non-Byzantine, medieval theories on the subject. Consequently, it is argued that John’s most original contribution is the introduction and detailed definition of eleven subdivisions in the urine vial compared to the three areas traditionally identified.