Overview on modeling and management of Smart Grids

The concept of Smart Grids refers to a complex ecosystem that can be described as a combination of systems to capture its most structural elements. When studying these complex systems, the traditional tools of the Cartesian methods have shown their limits. There is therefore a need to resort to other methods to model them. These modeling methods are generally classified and grouped into five families: functional modeling, decision modeling, resource modeling, information modeling and mixed modeling. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of an intelligent network. The classification of modeling methods is also presented. Then an application of the bond graph approach will be explained. Finally we describe a general idea on the management of smart grids.

Towards Better Wind Resource Modeling in Complex Terrain: A k-Nearest Neighbors Approach

Wind turbines are often placed in complex terrains, where benefits from orography-related speed up can be capitalized. However, accurately modeling the wind resource over the extended areas covered by a typical wind farm is still challenging over a flat terrain, and over a complex terrain, the challenge can be even be greater. Here, a novel approach for wind resource modeling is proposed, where a linearized flow model is combined with a machine learning approach based on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method. Model predictors include combinations of distance, vertical shear exponent, a measure of the terrain complexity and speedup. The method was tested by performing cross-validations on a complex site using the measurements of five tall meteorological towers. All versions of the k-NN approach yield significant improvements over the predictions obtained using the linearized model alone; they also outperform the predictions of non-linear flow models. The new method improves the capabilities of current wind resource modeling approaches, and it is easily implemented.

Methods of resource modeling of organizational objects

The development of resource methodology and soft computing in this paper is presented as a new direction of ontological design. The objects of air transport organizations are chosen as the applied area: a company, a social group, an individual. The existing understanding of re-sources is related to the concepts of consumption. The problem is that the category of re-sources is not identified and does not have a humanitarian study, primarily in logic, philosophy, and philology. The known classifications and types of resources are numerous, diverse, and mutually irreducible. A new understanding and logical elaboration of the "resource" category is proposed. The resource methodology offers its own bases and sources. The theoretical foundations are formed in the following content: principles, hypotheses, language, terms, conditions, and procedures. This content allows you to generate output of key definitions. Re-source design (modeling) is based on the concept of a resource model. Resource modeling can be defined as displaying object property parameters from a specified definition area to the area of indicator values. The proposed hypotheses of resource modeling consistency postulate that natural language tools: words, concepts, names, vocabulary, grammar, syntax, used in relations to describe objects, can be transformed into formal models that are suitable for subsequent calculations and automated management. Relations are displayed in the pseudo-physical logic of statements, which allows us to assign numbers to observable objects of non-numeric nature. Analogs of systemology are used to develop principles, conditions, and procedures for design and modeling. The basis of resource design is a formal resource model, on the basis of which elements are formed: complexes of contours, tuples of resources. Thus, the resource method al-lows us to assign numbers to the properties of objects in weak non-metric scales by shifting the assessment procedures to the area of strong metric scales, which establishes new combinations of applying qualitative and quantitative methods of research and development. A sample of practical resource design and modeling of objects in the subject area is presented on the example of the air transport complex.