Problems of Decision-Making in Implementation of Technological Innovations in Transport Industry

The article considers the features of transport as an object of technological innovation, due, on the one hand, to the service nature of the main activity and the specifics of innovative processes during provision of transport and logistics services, and, on the other hand, to the high capital intensity and technological complexity of the infrastructure transport complex, which is the focus point of technological innovation.The objective of the article is to substantiate the initial prerequisites for developing an alternative approach to making strategic decisions on development of transport organisations based on technological innovations, which, besides the traditional justification of economic efficiency, considers several non-economic factors. The method of substantiation is a systemic strategic analysis, which allows to study the features of the transport complex in the context of the factors of external environment and their dynamics.Regarding the Russian Federation, the scale of the national territory, natural and climatic diversity and uneven territorial distribution of the resource and production base determine the special role and place of transport in the national economy, which quite often leads to the need to make decisions on development of the transport complex based on predominantly non-economic factors (such as security, reliability, environmental friendliness, etc.) and on scientific, technical, political and socio-economic forecasts. At the same time, private enterprises (with or without participation of the state) dominate currently almost all transport sectors where they operate on the principles of profitability, investment attractiveness and competitiveness, which leads to inconsistency of internal decision-making criteria in the field of technological strategies.The ongoing change in the technological paradigm is an additional and significant factor determining trends in transport developments. It is based on the processes of digitalisation and digital transformation of the transport and logistics business. The problems of decision-making in implementation of technological innovations in transport industry, arising from its peculiarities, necessitate a revision of approaches since economic assessments of efficiency are not always able to reflect the real needs and feasibility of choosing mainstream trends in technological development of the transport system.The analysis of the features of the transport and logistics industry based on universal experience and cases in Russian practices in the context of formation of a new technological paradigm makes it possible to substantiate the methodology for making strategic decisions on implementation of technological innovations.

The use of logistics principles in the organization of local work

In the context of growing competition between rail transport and other transport types, there is a need to improve the transportation process. In modern conditions, railway transport is the main link in the logistics chain of moving goods from the shipper to the receiver. The efficiency of the railway transport complex can be improved by using logistics principles in the organization of local work on the network sections. In this study, we suggest ways to solve the problem of improving the quality of service for freight owners and the efficiency of organizing local work, which is relevant for railways. To make decisions aimed at improving the efficiency of the organization of local work, a procedure for determining the costs of organizing and promoting local trains was developed, taking into account the costs on maintaining the railway infrastructure. Not only the operational activity of the railways, but also the quality of transport customers service, compliance with the regulatory deadlines for cargo delivery, depends on the choice of the optimal option for organizing local car traffic into trains and their promotion along the section. The option is selected by comparing the costs for each of the possible options for organizing local car traffic into trains and moving them along the section.

Organizational and Economic Basis of Functioning of Transportation Complexes of the EU And PRC

The effective functioning of the transport complex is associated with the development of transport infrastructure, including sea, river, road, aviation, railway transport, which meets the needs of the country’s economy in the delivery of goods and passengers. The article provides a comparative analysis of the organizational and economic foundations of the functioning of the transport complex in the EU and China. On the example of the EU countries and the PRC, it has been proved that the effective functioning of the transport complex in developed countries ensures the connectivity of territories and contributes to the growth of socio-economic development.

Checkpoints That Regulate Balanced Biosynthesis of Lipopolysaccharide and Its Essentiality in Escherichia coli

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, is essential for their viability. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes the major component of OM, providing the permeability barrier, and a tight balance exists between LPS and phospholipids amounts as both of these essential components use a common metabolic precursor. Hence, checkpoints are in place, right from the regulation of the first committed step in LPS biosynthesis mediated by LpxC through its turnover by FtsH and HslUV proteases in coordination with LPS assembly factors LapB and LapC. After the synthesis of LPS on the inner leaflet of the inner membrane (IM), LPS is flipped by the IM-located essential ATP-dependent transporter to the periplasmic face of IM, where it is picked up by the LPS transport complex spanning all three components of the cell envelope for its delivery to OM. MsbA exerts its intrinsic hydrocarbon ruler function as another checkpoint to transport hexa-acylated LPS as compared to underacylated LPS. Additional checkpoints in LPS assembly are: LapB-assisted coupling of LPS synthesis and translocation; cardiolipin presence when LPS is underacylated; the recruitment of RfaH transcriptional factor ensuring the transcription of LPS core biosynthetic genes; and the regulated incorporation of non-stoichiometric modifications, controlled by the stress-responsive RpoE sigma factor, small RNAs and two-component systems.

Identification of submarine landslides in the Colombian Caribbean Margin (Southern Sinú Fold Belt) using seismic investigations

Submarine landslides can be triggered by several processes and involve a variety of mechanisms. These phenomena are important sediment transport processes, but they also constitute a significant geohazard. Mapping of the southwestern Caribbean Sea using 3D seismic data has allowed identification of several submarine landslides in the Colombian Margin in the area dominated by the Southern Sinú Fold Belt (SSFB). A poststack depth-migrated seismic cube survey with a 12.5 by 12.5 m bin spacing was used to identify landslides in an area covering 5746 km2. Landslides were interpreted using a seafloor morphologic parameter identification process and the internal deformation of the slope-forming material, as seen from seismic data. A total of 93 landslides were identified and classified based on their movement styles as follows: 52 rotational, 29 translational, and 12 complex landslides. In addition, 12 distinct deformational zones and a zone of mass transport complex (MTC) were identified. Five different ground condition terrains were interpreted based on landslide type and distribution as well as in geologic structures and seismic reflection analysis. Two main processes seem to influence landslides in the study area. First is the folding and faulting involved in the SSFB evolution. This process results in oversteepened slopes that start as deformational zones and then fail as translational or rotational slides. Those individual landslides progressively become complex landslide zones that follow geologic structural orientation. Second is the continental shelf break erosion by debris flows, which fills in intraslope subbasins and continental rise with several MTCs. According to the results, risk of damage by landslides increases in distances shorter than 4 km along structural ridge foothills in the study zone.

Modern technological solutions to ensure transport security

To ensure uninterrupted railway communication with the Republic of Crimea, within the framework of the largest national infrastructure project, the construction of a transport crossing through the Kerch Strait was completed in 2018, which also includes a railway component. The article considers the regulatory legal grounds for the use of modern stationary inspection and screening complexes that allow for the inspection of freight trains plying on the railway of the transport passage through the Kerch Strait.The uniqueness of the legal regime for the protection of this structure is complemented by the use of the latest technical means of ensuring transport security to prevent the commission of unlawful encroachments in the activities of the transport complex, including stationary inspection railway complexes.The principle of operation of inspection complexes, which is based on the physical method of introscopy, is shown, and their technical characteristics are given. The use of inspection railway complexes allows the transport security forces to identify objects and substances that are prohibited or restricted for movement into the transport security zone, practically without interfering with the technological processes of freight traffic, since the scanning of wagons is carried out while the passage is moving. Modern installations at a high level reliably protect the Crimean bridge from illegal encroachments.

SOLVING THE MULTI-CRITERIA TASK OF DETERMINING THE CRITERIA FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM

Work objective. The article considers the process of optimizing transport and logistics system in various areas of work and represents the task of solving a complex multi-criteria system. Determining the most optimal and accurate way to solve this problem will lead to a significant stimulation of the management processes of transport and logistics complexes, in particular trucking. Research methods. The research was carried out by analyzing the solution of multi-criteria mathematical problems. Novelty of the work. The novelty of the work is due to the need to solve the main problems of optimizing the operation of the transport and logistics system. The solution of this task will stimulate the country's economy by increasing the volume of annual shipping goods, as this indicator is one of the key road transport complex of our country. Research results and novelty. According to the results of the study, the main ways of solving the problem of optimizing the transport and logistics system are determined. Conclusions: The main criteria for solving a multi-criteria task in optimizing the planning, organization and management of terminal and warehouse complexes of work are determined.