Genes of Congenital Dermatologic Disorders in Dogs—A Review

This article presents an overview of up-to-date identified genes responsible for congenital canine skin diseases of dogs and the characteristics of these diseases. Congenital skin diseases constitute a specific group of dermatologic disorders that plays an important role in breeding of purebred dogs. They include primary seborrhoea, ichthyosis, hereditary nasal parakeratosis, dermatomyositis, colour dilution alopecia, skin mucinosis, dermoid sinus, lethal acrodermatitis, acral mutilation syndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, ichthyosiform dermatosis, bullous epidermolysis, exfoliative dermal lupus erythematosus, congenital footpad hyperkeratosis and sebaceous adenitis. In the majority of cases, their occurrence is linked to particular breeds. In more than half of these diseases a specific defective gene variant responsible for the disease has been identified. Genetic tests for identification of the relevant defective genes serve as an important tool in the diagnostics of diseases in veterinary practice and in breeding of purebred dogs.

Disparate histopathology of sebaceous adenitis in a rabbit

A 13-month-old, spayed, female rex rabbit presented with mildly pruritic, progressive patches of alopecia, erythema and scaling of the head, trunk and legs of five months’ duration. Initial skin biopsy was consistent with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma, but a follow-up skin biopsy and response to therapy revealed that the rabbit actually had sebaceous adenitis. Nearly one year after presentation, the rabbit’s clinical signs remained well controlled. This case demonstrates the importance of interpreting histopathology in light of history, physical examination, supportive tests and response to therapy. It also demonstrates how cutaneous lesions may evolve over time and that serial biopsies may be required to achieve a diagnosis. Finally, this case suggests that there may be histopathological overlap between cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma and sebaceous adenitis in rabbits.

A Case of Sebaceous Adenitis and Concurrent Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in a Dog

Sebaceous adenitis and concurrent meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were diagnosed in a two-year-old mongrel dog presenting with hypotrichosis, exfoliative dermatitis and blepharitis. Diagnosis of sebaceous adenitis was based on history, clinical signs, the histological demonstration of multifocal lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic inflammation targeting the sebaceous glands and sebaceous glands loss. MGD was diagnosed by non-contact infrared meibography followed by tear film lipid layer interferometric evaluation. Ciclosporin and sebolytic shampoos controlled the dermatological condition, while doxycycline, warm compresses, palpebral massages and tobramycin/dexamethasone ointment controlled the blepharitis. This case report should stimulate clinicians to investigate MGD in dogs suffering from sebaceous adenitis, because the meibomian and sebaceous glands share similar anatomy and physiology.

The Efficacy of Permot (Passiflora Foetida Linn.) Leaves Crude Extract Ointment on the Healing of Skin of Rabbit with Scabies

This research aimed to know the efficacy of active compound of Permot (P. foetida) leaves crude extract ointment as a bioacaricide in rabbit through observation of after treatment histopathological changes on skin of body part naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. Permot leaves were isolated and extracted in n-hexane solvent. Sixteen rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, control (P0), P1, P2 and P3, the group of rabbits with scabies treated respectively with 5, 10 and 15 % of permot leaves crude extract ointment. Therapy was conducted topically on day 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5. Efficacy was examined from Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) stained skin histopathological features under microscope with magnification of 100x, 400x and 1000x. The obtained skin histopatological feature data were assessed qualitatively. The application of 5 % ointment (P1) showed erosion and severe inflammatory cells infiltration in the epidermis; follicle proliferation and sebaceous were not present. In the dermis, severe sebaceous adenitis and folliculitis were evident. Massive inflammatory cells infiltration was found in hypodermis. The therapy using 5% ointment resulted 45 % success rate. The application of 10 % permot leaves crude extract ointment (P2) showed severe hypergranulation in the epidermis, severe proliferation of follicle and sebaceous gland, mild sebaceous adenitis and mild folliculitis in the dermis, as well as moderate inflammatory cells infiltration in the hypodermis. The therapy using 10,% ointment resulted 60 % success rate. The application of 15 % ointment (P3) showed mild hypergranulation in the epidermis, mild follicle proliferation and inflammatory cells (PMN) infiltrationin the dermis; and moderate inflammatory cells infiltration in the hypodermis. The therapy using 15 % ointment resulted 90 % success rate. Keywords: scabiosis, rabbits, Passiflora foetida, ointment, histopathology