Measurement push and pull forces on automatic liquid dispensers

<span lang="EN-US">Since the COVID-19 pandemic, automated liquid dispensers have been increasingly developed to assist transmission prevention. However, data availability of automatic liquid dispenser mechanism's technical characteristics is not yet widely available. This causes frequent over or under design in its development. Therefore, we specifically measure push and pull forces engineering characteristics generated by the automatic liquid dispenser mechanism. A wire mechanism-based automatic liquid dispenser apparatus was used to experiment. A load-cell sensor was used to detect the force that occurs from a servo motor controlled by a microcontroller. The force data (push and pull) will be sent directly to the database server cloud with a recording </span><span lang="EN-US">frequency of every second. Three types of fluid treatment levels are used i.e. water, liquid soap, and hand sanitizer gel. Three types of fluid volume treatment levels used were 50 ml, 150 ml, and 250 ml. Each treatment level combination is carried out at the servo motors rotation steps 180</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 150</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 120</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 90</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 60</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, and 30</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">. The results show that no significant differences were found in maximal forces required to release the water, liquid soap, and hand-sanitizer gel. It is also known that the volume of the fluid has a very significant effect on the amount of push and pull forces generated.</span>

Design and optimization of a cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system

Although different types of brake-by-wire mechanism including electrohydraulic brakes, electromechanical brakes, electronic wedge brakes and distributed electrohydraulic brakes have been developed in the past two decades, there is still an increasing demand for further improvement and also for development of new brake mechanisms in the automotive industry because of the escalating requirements for higher safety and better performance. This paper proposes a novel brake-by-wire system based on the cam actuation mechanism. The proposed cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is a combination of an electrical component, a mechanical component and a hydraulic component. The unique feature of the proposed cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is that the characteristics of the motor torque amplification can be optimized by careful design of the cam shape. The overall structure of the cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is described, and the dynamic model of the system is developed. Optimum design of the cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is obtained by multi-objective optimization, and the obtained simulation results are discussed. The compactness and the self-contained characteristics of the design enable the brake system to be installed on each wheel, allowing fully independent control of each wheel for better stability control.