A Preliminary Study on the Design of C-Section Props

A cesarean section (c-section) is a surgical procedure aimed to deliver a baby by opening the abdominal wall and uterus. Now, c-section is one of the choices that are often chosen by mothers when giving birth. The knowledge and skills of c-section are important in education that focuses on obstetrics and obstetrics, especially for prospective specialist doctors taking the title of Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology (SpOG). Residents are required to be able to understand the procedure of c-section both in theory and practice. To train and improve c-section skills, one of the methods used is to use c-section props. This study aims to design and manufacture c-section props that resemble actual conditions and can be used repeatedly. The cesarean section props consist of three main parts, namely the abdominal body, the uterus, and the synthetic skin layer of the abdomen. The product master uses 3D printer results with PLA filament material. The props are made of RTV-48 silicone rubber and Polyurethane Foam with a mold made of fiberglass composite using the Hand Lay-UP method. The c-section props produced can provide an overview of the general cesarean surgery procedure.

Исследование плазмонного резонанса в Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- и Sb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- методом инфракрасной спектральной эллипсометрии

In the infrared region of the spectrum (IR), the optical properties of single-crystal samples of narrow-gap degenerate semiconductors Bi2Se3 and Sb2Te3 are investigated by infrared spectral ellipsometry (SE). The transport properties of the Drude fitting of dielectric functions obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry are studied. The behavior of the bulk and surface plasmon polaritons is investigated in detail. The dispersion and mean free path of the plasmon, the depth of the skin layer for the conducting and dielectric surfaces are calculated. The contribution of the plasmon to the optical properties is estimated from the spectral density for the Bi2Se3 and Sb2Te3 samples.

A CASE REPORT OF APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA TYPE VI: BART'S SYNDROME

Aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Barts syndrome), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital localized absence of skin, formation of blisters (epidermolysisbullosa), and nail abnormalities. In this report, we present a rare case of aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Barts syndrome) in a newborn malebaby with the absence of a skin layer over the anterior right leg, slightly below the patella (kneecap) and around the ankle joint.On the second day, the affected areas developed blisters characterizing epidermolysisbullosa.Laboratory investigationswere all normal. The patients wound was managed conservatively with dressing and topical antibiotic ointments.

Функциональные возможности электромагнитно-акустических преобразований в токовом режиме в металлическом расплаве

The paper deals with a symmetric problem on the base of physically substantiated estimates of the processes of electromagnetic-acoustic transformations (EMAT) of energy during the flow of an electric current through a melt, the key parameters of the open problem of the system "Power source parameters – Parameters of the magnetic field and magnetic pressure of the skin layer – Parameters of acoustic disturbances". It was shown that the key parameter when formulating the EMAT problem in technological applications is the geometry of the container with the object of processing and the material of the form. And when solving the problem, they are the parameter of the skin layer and the time dependence of the discharge current. It was established that a part of energy during the formation of the magnetic pressure in the skin layer from the amount of the energy stored in the capacitor bank of the pulse current generator is on the order of 10-4–10-2. The value of this part depends on the period of the discharge current and is proportional to the T1/2. When acoustic disturbances propagate in a melt, the main share of energy losses is determined by the difference in the acoustic stiffness of the melt and the shape of materials. The frequency spectra of the pressure of sound waves at the parameters selected for the analysis can cover the range of up to hundreds kHz, which is a good reason for the realization of resonance effects and the active formation of dissipative structures. Attention is focused on the fact that EMAT effects are manifested in the melt not only under the influence of an acoustic field, but also under that of an electromagnetic one in the skin layer. They are separated in time, but the acoustic field can occupy the entire volume of the melt and its effect is longer in time.

SKIN SURFACE CHEMISTRY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR SKIN DISEASES

The skin is the biggest sense organ in the body, with a surface area of 1.7m2 in adults. Because standard histological procedures influence skin components, several dermatological research has had little effectiveness in showing skin function. The structure of each skin layer may now be visualised non-invasively thanks to recent advances in non-invasive optical imaging. Individual skin components, on the other hand, remain difficult to identify. Understanding skin's chemical and physical features helps the cosmetics sector create deodorant, lipstick, and moisturizers. In addition, PH regulates the activation of proteases linked to the formation of chronic wounds and impacts skin barrier functions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging innovation that creates high-resolution photos of the face and cross-areas of the skin. While OCT has a lot of potentials, many dermatologists are unfamiliar with it. This article aims to give professional dermatologists a basic grasp of skin OCT concepts and clinical applications.

First-Principles Study of Pt-Based Bifunctional Oxygen Evolution & Reduction Electrocatalyst: Interplay of Strain and Ligand Effects

We examined the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Pt-based Pt3M/Pt nanoalloy catalysts (where M represents a 3d transition metal) for bifunctional electrocatalysts using spin-polarized density functional theory calculations. First, the stability of the Pt3M/Pt catalyst was investigated by calculating the bulk formation energy and surface separation energy. Using the calculated adsorption energies for the OER/ORR intermediates in the modeled catalysts, we predicted the OER/ORR overpotentials and potential limiting steps for each catalyst. The origins of the enhanced catalytic reactivity in Pt3M/Pt catalysts caused by strain and ligand effects are explained separately. In addition, compared to Pt(111), the OER and ORR activities in a Pt3Ni/Ptskin catalyst with a Pt skin layer were increased by 13.7% and 18.4%, respectively, due to the strain and ligand effects. It was confirmed that compressive strain and ligand effects are key factors in improving the catalytic performance of OER/ORR bifunctional catalysts.

Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization

In this research, we sought to surmount the poor dissolvability and transdermal absorption rate of licorice flavonoids (LFs) by fabricating a LFs microemulsion. LFs content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Initial studies such as dissolution testing, emulsification testing, and pseudo ternary phase diagram generation were implemented for screening components and optimized adopting the central composite design. While the tested responses were solubility, droplet size and PDI, thirteen trials were performed using two different variables, oil percentage and optimized emulsifier and co-emulsifier ratio. Microemulsions were then characterized for droplet size, PDI, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity, electrical conductivity, pH, entrapment efficiency, drug content and stability. Additionally, skin release profile, percutaneous absorption and retention were investigated adopting Franz diffusion cell. The optimal formulation was found to compose of laureth-9 (emulsifier, 6.72 g), propylene glycol (co-emulsifier, 1.80 g), isopropyl myristate (IPM, oil, 1.48 g), LFs (1.50 g) and at least more than 85% deionized water. The optimized and storage for 3 months of microemulsion was found to clear, light yellow color without phase separation or precipitation indicated the stability of the preparation to long-term placement. The mean droplet size, PDI, entrapment efficiency and drug content were discovered as 12.68 ± 0.12 nm, 0.049 ± 0.005, 97.28 ± 0.13% and 122.67 ± 0.40 mg·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal formulation sustained release LFs, remarkably deliver more LFs through the skin layer (644.95 ± 6.73 μg cm−2) and significantly retained LFs in the skin layer (9.98 μg cm−2). The study concluded that optimized microemulsion has potential and enhanced the dissolvability and cumulative penetration amount of LFs.