Qualitative assessment of caustic soda injury in Liberia

ObjectivesThis study explored lye (caustic soda, sodium hydroxide) use in Liberia, knowledge about its risks and injury prevention programmes.DesignA qualitative semistructured interview study.SettingFocus groups occurred in six Liberian counties between April and August 2016.PatientsTwo previously identified stakeholder groups included parents of children under 5 years and adults identifying as soap makers.InterventionsInterview guides were written. Participants were recruited by convenience and snowball sampling. Transcribed audio-recorded discussions were analysed using the constant comparative approach.Main outcome measuresParticipants were enrolled until thematic saturation was reached.ResultsNinety-six adults participated. Participants described how lye entered the home, its use, storage, lye-related injuries and treatments, and injury prevention programmes.ConclusionsLye is commonly used and stored in Liberian homes despite recognition of its danger. A successful injury prevention programme must interrupt this cycle and find programming and legislative change to which the community is receptive.

Effect of FIFA 11+ Warm-Up Programme on Physical Performance Parameters in Male Collegiate Football Players: An Evidence based Study

Background: Football is defined to be a physically demanding sport that entails sudden acceleration and deceleration, rapid changes in direction, jumping and landing tasks, also as many situations in which players are involved in tackling to stay possession of or to win the ball. Between 2006 and 2008, FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) developed a neuromuscular warm-up programme &injury prevention program with subsequent enhancement of performance for soccer called the FIFA 11+.The FIFA 11+ programme has been shown to be an efficient means of achieving optimal physiological readiness for sport. Purpose: The purpose is to study the scientific evidences regarding the effect of the 11+ warm -up programme on physical performance parameters in male recreational football players. Methodology: A search for relevant articles was carried out using key words- and search engines-PEDro, Pubmed, Science direct, Google scholar, Researchgate, Wiley library, The Cochrane library. Studies were selected from year 2010-2019. 15 articles were reviewed and included in which study. Results: 13 articles concluded that “FIFA 11+” prevention programme can be considered an appropriate warm-up, inducing improvements in football players. (level of evidence :1a,1b,2a,2b) There are 2 high quality of evidences. (Randomized control trial, Pre-post intervention Comparative study-1b) which suggests that that a soccer specific warm-up protocol relied on dynamic stretching and dynamic warm up is preferable in enhancing performance as compared to protocols relying on static stretches , FIFA 11+ program and other injury prevention programme. Conclusion: Based on evidences collected and analyzed it can be concluded that FIFA 11+ warming up program is soccer specific warming-up program which includes running, strength, plyometric, balance, and agility components which apart from being an effective injury prevention programme it has effective potential to enhance the physical performance of a player in parameters like VO2max, Strength, Balance, Flexibility, Agility etc. Clinical Implication: FIFA 11+ warming up program is soccer specific warming-up program which includes running, strength, plyometric, balance, and agility components. It has effective potential to enhance the performance of a player.Also FIFA 11+ warming up program is easy to be coach and train because it is well organized and structured to follow in every training session and can replace in place of traditional warm- ups. Key words: fifa 11+ warm-up, male football players, soccer, physical performance, neuromuscular parameters.

Effect of the FIFA 11+ soccer specific warm up programme on the incidence of injuries: A cluster-randomised controlled trial

Background Soccer players incur injuries that typically affect their performance. Injuries are caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that call for multifactorial preventive interventions. The study examines the impact of the FIFA 11+ warm up programme on the incidence and severity of injuries in second division soccer players in Rwanda. Methods Twelve teams (309 players) were randomised in the intervention group and 12 teams (317 players) in the control group using a cluster randomized controlled trial with teams as the unit of randomization. Intervention group teams implemented the FIFA 11+ soccer specific warm-up programme during training and matches at least three times a week over seven months of the Rwandan soccer season. Control group teams continued with usual warm up exercises. The primary outcome of this study was the overall incidence of training and match injuries. Injuries, training and match exposure as well as severity categories were recorded per the F-MARC guidelines. Results A lower proportion of players sustained injuries in the intervention group (52%) compared to the control group (63%) (Odd ratio: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.5–0.9). A significantly lower rate ratio was observed in the intervention group for overall (RR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5–0.8) and match (RR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5–0.8) injuries. Compliance to the injury prevention programme was 77%. In the intervention group, the incidence of injury was similar across all teams and across the medium and highly compliant teams. There was a statistically significant 55% and 71% reduction of the rate of moderate and severe injuries in the intervention group respectively. Conclusion The 11+ warm up injury prevention programme resulted in a significant reduction in the odds of sustaining injuries. In addition, injuries sustained were less severe. The programme should be rolled out to all teams in Rwanda and may well result in a decrease in the incidence and severity of injury in similar contexts. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201505001045388).

Attitudes, beliefs and factors influencing football coaches’ adherence to the 11+ injury prevention programme

ObjectiveTo explore football coaches’ beliefs and attitudes about injury prevention and the 11+ injury prevention programme, and to investigate factors that may influence adherence to the 11+ injury prevention programme.MethodsA total of 538 football coaches who had completed an injury prevention education workshop were invited to participate in a web-based nationwide survey. The survey questions explored beliefs and attitudes about injury prevention and the 11+ injury prevention programme, self-reported adherence to the 11+ programme, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of the 11+ programme.ResultsThere were 158 respondents. The majority believe that injury prevention is part of their coaching role (94%) that a structured warm-up is an important part of their team’s preparation for training and games (96%), and that the 11+ is effective (92%). While most respondents (95%) use the 11+, modifications are common. Participants with greater coaching experience are more likely to use the programme. Time constraints are the main barriers to adherence, while knowing that the programme enhances performance is seen as a major facilitator.ConclusionsCoaches who attended an injury prevention workshop have positive attitudes towards injury prevention and the 11+ programme. However, coaches with less coaching experience may be less likely to use the 11+ and could therefore be the target population for future education workshops. Promoting the performance enhancing effects of the 11+ and encouraging modifications could improve acceptability and adherence.

Systematic development of an injury prevention programme for judo athletes: the IPPON intervention

ObjectivesTo systematically develop an injury prevention programme in judo and test its feasibility: Injury Prevention and Performance Optimization Netherlands (IPPON) intervention.MethodsWe used the five-step Knowledge Transfer Scheme (KTS) guidelines. In the first two steps, we described the injury problem in judo and showed possibilities to reduce the injury rates. In the third step, the Knowledge Transfer Group (KTG) translated this information into actions in judo practice. Expert meetings and practical sessions were held. In the fourth step, we developed the injury prevention programme and evaluated its feasibility in judo practice in a pilot study. As a final step, we will evaluate the injury prevention programme on its effectiveness to reduce injuries.ResultsIn the first two steps, information collected indicated the need for reducing judo injuries due to high incidence rates. Injury prevention programmes have shown to be effective in reducing injuries in other sports. For judo, no injury prevention programme has yet been systematically developed. In the third step, the KTG reached consensus about the content: a trainer-based warm-up programme with dynamic exercises focusing on the shoulder, knee and ankle. In the fourth step, the intervention was developed. All exercises were approved in the pilot study. Based on the pilot study’s results, the IPPON intervention was extended and has become suitable for the final step.ConclusionWe developed the IPPON intervention using the systematic guidance of the KTS. This trainer-based programme focuses on the prevention of shoulder, knee and ankle injuries in judo and consists of 36 exercises classified in three categories: (1) flexibility and agility, (2) balance and coordination and (3) strength and stability. The effectiveness and feasibility of the intervention on injury reduction among judo athletes will be conducted in a randomised controlled trial.

The Athletics Injury Prevention Programme Can Help to Reduce the Occurrence at Short Term of Participation Restriction Injury Complaints in Athletics: A Prospective Cohort Study

We aimed to determine whether an Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP), targeting the most common athletics injuries, can reduce the occurrence of injury complaints that lead to restrictions in athletics participation (participation restriction injury complaints) in the short (12 weeks) and long (40 weeks) terms. For our 40-week prospective cohort study (level of evidence 2), we invited inter-regional and national-level athletes to regularly perform the AIPP, which included 8 exercises addressing core stability, hamstring, leg and pelvic muscles strengthening and stretching, and balance exercises. A Cox regression was used to analyse the influence of AIPP on the occurrence of participation restriction injury complaint, adjusted to sex, age, height, body mass, discipline, and history of injury complaints during the preceding season, individual response rate, mean weekly training time, mean weekly number of competition, presented by hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). At 12 weeks (n = 62 athletes), the AIPP was significantly associated with a lower risk of participation restriction injury complaint HR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.86), p = 0.02 and HR = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.73), p = 0.009, with cumulative weeks and cumulative training time as time scale, respectively, while at 40 weeks (n = 53 athletes) there was no significant association. An 8-exercise injury prevention programme can effectively help to reduce occurrence of injury complaints that would restrict an athlete’s participation in athletics in the short term.