Development of an Instantaneous Velocity-Vector-Profile Method Using Conventional Ultrasonic Transducers

The velocity vector profile technique based on an ultrasound pulsed Doppler method can enrich the information of a flow field, however, it has shown a low availability because a new design of special transducers is required for each measurement case. This study proposes a new method of profiling the velocity vectors using conventional ultrasound transducers that are widely supplied to UVP (Ultrasound velocity profile) users. We constructed a configuration of the transducers to minimize the uncertainty of the detection points at the receivers, and a measurable distance was theoretically determined by the configuration. Two feasibility tests were carried out. One was a test for the assessment of the measurable distance, which agreed well with the theoretical distance. The other was the evaluation of the measurement of two-dimensional velocity vectors by the new method and it was performed in a towing tank facility without the velocity fluctuation. From the evaluation, it was confirmed that the measured vectors showed good agreement to the reference values, and their accuracy and precision were competitive compared to previous studies. The developed method was applied to two unsteady flows for demonstrations. The results clarified that the proposed method guarantees high availability and accuracy for the velocity vector profiles.

Stenting the carotid artery from radial access using a Simmons guide catheter

BackgroundCarotid artery stenting (CAS) is a procedure for stroke prevention, usually done from femoral artery access. Reports of CAS using radial artery access have adopted techniques similar to those used for transfemoral CAS. Initial experience with a simpler and lower profile technique for transradial carotid stenting is described here.MethodsOf 55 consecutive elective CAS cases with standard (not bovine) arch anatomy performed during a 15 month time period by the same operator, 20 were selected for transradial treatment using a 6 F Simmons 2 guide catheter. This was a retrospective analysis of those initial 20 patients compared with the 35 patients treated with elective transfemoral CAS. The CAS database was reviewed for clinical indications, technique, procedure and fluoroscopy times, and clinical outcomes.ResultsAll procedures were technically successful (no crossovers). No patient had a decline in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score or modified Rankin Scale score within 30 days. Mean (95% CI) procedural times for transradial CAS were slightly higher than transfemoral CAS (29.4 (26.0 to 32.7) vs 23.8 (21.2 to 26.4) min, p=0.0098). Mean (95% CI) fluoroscopy times were also higher for transradial CAS compared with transfemoral CAS (9.6 (8.0 to 11.2) vs 6.4 (5.4 to 7.4), p=0.0006). One patient developed a radial artery pseudoaneurysm which required elective surgical repair.ConclusionTransradial carotid stenting using the described lower profile technique provides another effective option in the array of surgical procedures for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Relative procedural and fluoroscopy times may initially be longer compared with transfemoral carotid stenting for experienced CAS operators, although absolute differences are small.

Natural Radioactive Decay

This chapter is primarily concerned with natural radioactive decay. Generally speaking, there are two types of natural radioactive decays: alpha decays “which contain two neutrons and two protons” emitted from radon gas; additionally, nuclear decay by emission of photons (γ-decay). This chapter aims to describe γ and alpha loss of nuclei and demonstrates how to measure the radioactive material naturally using solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) and high purity Germanium detector (HPGD). Also, methods of measuring the different characteristics of the alpha particle using the track profile technique (TPT) will be presented. Finally, results will be presented in the alpha and radon measurements. The concentration of aerosols has attracted much attention by many researchers in the past decade. Research has shown that aerosols are responsible for harmful chemical reactions that lead to the physical degradation of the stratospheric ozone layer. Moreover, aerosols increase the risk of developing cancer in humans when inhaled in large proportions. Therefore, neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very important application to measure these concentrations.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND LABOUR RELATIONS POLICIES IN THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATION

The article justifies the relevance of research and management of social and labour relations policy (PSTO) in the enterprise in the context of innovation. A detailed structure of social and labor relations at the enterprise is presented, involving the identification of five constructive and five destructive types of STO, with justification of their key parameters (indicators of types of STO). The conceptual points of the PSTO diagnosis are emphasized, which justify the legality of the identification of three types of policy in accordance with the established structure of social and labour relations: progressive (constructive); regressive (destructive); Transformative (transient) having three varieties. A profile technique based on the use of a Questionnaire and a Diagnostic Map of the PSTO type is proposed and illustrated on conditional examples. The article identifies the application directions of the proposed methodology: analysis of the relief of the PSTO profile; Monitoring of HSS level indicators; Substantiation of targeted management decisions aimed at optimization of the STO structure. The results of pilot testing of the methodology, which support its typical character and justify the legality of replication in the subject-matter publications, are presented and analyzed.

Activation of the cognitive activity of students of a technical university through the individualization of education

To adapt to work activity, find a creative approach to changes in the job market, it is necessary to have high-quality training of a technical university graduate. This article presents possible ways to solve problems of identifying overt and hidden talents, extraordinary abilities and creative thinking of students. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the motivating aspects of the cognitive activity ofstudents through the individualization of education in the modern educational system of the higher technical university. The data on the participation of students of the Branch of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University in the city of Oktyabrsky in the Open International Student Disciplinary Internet Olympiads are given. The issues of enhancing students’ cognitive activity through the identification of individual intellectual abilities of each student are covered. The analysis of the results of Internet Olympiads for the period from 2012 to 2018 in the disciplines of various cycles was carried out, changes in quantitative and qualitative indicators in fifteen disciplines in the profile “Technique and Technology” were revealed, the possibilities of improving the efficiency of preparing students ofhigher educational institutions for scientific activities were shown.