Health impact of work stressors and psychosocial perceptions among French hospital workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectiveTo compare global health, mental health impact of work stressors and psychosocial perception of healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs in a hospital after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in France.MethodsA validated version of the SATIN (Santé Au Travail Inrs université Nancy 2)questionnaire with adapted scoring was used to collect data on health and impact of work stressors. This questionnaire was sent to all workers at a hospital in July 2020 and was self-administered online. In a multinomial regression model, we included HCW status, age, gender and front-line worker status as covariates.ResultsData from a total of 1405 participants were included. We found that being an HCW, male and front-line worker was a risk factor for negative perception of work demand (OR 7.35, 95% CI 4.2 to 11.47; OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.89; OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.06). Being an HCW was a predictive factor for stress (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.08), poor global health (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.55) and negative perception of work activity environment (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.8).ConclusionWe have shown that all HCWs suffered from some health impact shortly after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak. We underline some stressors with high impact, including work demand, work abilities and organisational context, and emphasise the need for risk management.

Specific health-related quality of life in Cerebrovascular accident survivors: associated factors

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify factors associated with specific health-related quality of life in cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, survivors. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out with 160 cerebrovascular accident survivors. Data were collected using the Barthel Index, Cerebrovascular Accident Specific Quality of Life Scale, and semi-structured instruments for sociodemographic and clinical data, analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: health-related quality of life was associated with work activity (p=0.027), physical activity (p=0.007), functional capacity (p=0.001), presence of caregiver (<0.001), motor alteration (p = 0.001) and rehabilitation (p=0.003). The functionally dependent people were 14.61 times more likely to present low health-related quality of life, and those with motor impairment were 3.07 times more likely. Conclusions: it was evidenced that functional dependence and motor impairment increase the chance of low health-related quality of life in cerebrovascular accident survivors.

INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO NATURAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICAL-PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

This article analyzes and characterizes innovative approaches used in training of future physical education teachers. Modernization of education enhances the training and education of a specialist of high quality and competence, who is capable of creating knowledge and finding the ways of self-accomplishment in the conditions of continuous integration of Ukraine into the European educational space. Strengthening of young people health potential, providing a differentiated approach to different age groups of children, foreseeing their needs and motivation for physical development and self-improvement depend on a physical culture specialist.We have developed an integrated system of medical and biological education as well as revealed the ways to implement the principle efficient combination theoretical knowledge and practical implication. Professional and practical, humanitarian and socio-economic training occupies a prominent place in the modern training of future physical culture specialists. This issue defines the value of professional activity. Thus, we made an attempt to construct the content of integrated natural science subject and built a thorough logical and didactic structure which will assist to support knowledge advancement in accordance with the new achievements of the disciplines of the natural science cycle; it also strengthens the relationship between the fundamentals and professional education targets; ensures variability and alternativeness, humanization and democratization of the educational process; boost the improvement of natural science education and establish a sustainability of sports-specialized training. This study identifies the main directions, factors, indicators and criteria for intensifying student learning while using innovative and information and communication technologies.This study is based on current modern ideas of philosophical interpretation of human values in the context of vocational education, education of a healthy generation which actualizes the humanitarian significance of natural sciences and opens wide opportunities for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary integration in training and achieving high sports results. We have proved the effectiveness of scientific and professional-pedagogical competence which is provided by creating an innovative educational environment. This environment is characterized by openness and autonomy, information availability and integration, flexibility and synchronization, multi-vector trajectory and creativity. Due to the use of innovative approaches in the training of future physical education teachers’ cognitive activity, creative thinking and professional curiosity, innovative technologies of physical education are mastered much better, and what is most important, the professional competencies of natural science teachers, teachers-innovators are developed. We have proved that the concept of training new types of physical culture specialists requires mastering the multi-cycle creative work activity when a teacher starts finding new principles and ideas to develop and implement new technologies based on maximum of variations of ways for processing knowledge and its practical implementation. We recommend that physical culture program should be taken into account in the aspect of its correlation with previous and subsequent disciplines while planning the educational process in secondary education. Furthermore, it is relevant to adjust the content of the discipline being studied in order to prevent educational material from coping and repeating. The integrative approach is the most predictable and necessary, we will see the solution of the problem of integration in a close combination of natural science with sports-specialized training. Natural science disciplines should include professionally target knowledge, be focused on teaching methods and education. This approach assimilates professionally target disciplines through the principle of joining theory with practice, thus boosting knowledge in professional and pedagogical activities.

Specifics of remote work mode as a modern format of professional activity in the context of the latest digital capabilities

Subject. The article considers the process of transition to remote working conditions for employees, both in Russia and abroad, due to the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the world in 2020–2021, and the realization of the benefits of remote work. Objectives. The aims include the consideration of prospects for the digital economy development in the context of the application of new tools for effective work in a remote format, construction of a prognostic scenario for the development of remote mode of labor activity in Russia and in the world, justification of reasons that make it difficult to move to effective work activity outside the office. Methods. The study rests on current statistical and empirical Russian and foreign sources, leading scientific economic publications, analytical materials, surveys of Russian and American consulting companies and employment agencies. Results. We formulated the advantages of transition to remote work format of Russian and foreign employees, reasons for positive impact of the new work format on the potential and real growth of the world economy, an increase in employee motivation and reduction in professional stress. The paper substantiates reasons for possible difficulties in the process of transition to a remote mode of work in different countries. Conclusions. The study proves the prospects of switching to a remote format of work and using the latest achievements in science and technology to solve routine professional tasks of employees and enhance their motivation in the overall work process.

Relationships Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Profile and Work Ability in Patients With Pure Autonomic Failure

Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a rare disorder belonging to the group of synucleinopathies, characterized by autonomic nervous system degeneration. Severe orthostatic intolerance with recurrent syncope while standing are the two most disabling manifestations. Symptoms may start at middle age, thus affecting people at their working age. The aims of this study were to evaluate the autonomic and work ability impairment of a group of PAF patients and assess the relationships between cardiovascular autonomic control and work ability in these patients. Eleven PAF patients (age 57.3 ± 6.7 years), engaged in work activity, participated in the study. They completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS-31, range 0 no symptom-100 maximum symptom intensity) and Work Ability questionnaires (Work Ability Index, WAI, range 7–49; higher values indicate better work ability and lower values indicating unsatisfactory or jeopardized work ability). Electrocardiogram, blood pressure and respiratory activity were continuously recorded for 10 min while supine and during 75° head-up tilt (HUT). Autoregressive spectral analysis of cardiac cycle length approximated as the time distance between two consecutive R-wave peaks (RR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variabilities provided the power in the high frequency (HF, 0.15–0.40 Hz) and low frequency (LF, 0.04–0.15 Hz) bands of RR and SAP variabilities. Cardiac sympatho-vagal interaction was assessed by LF to HF ratio (LF/HF), while the LF power of SAP (LFSAP) quantified the vascular sympathetic modulation. Changes in cardiovascular autonomic indexes induced by HUT were calculated as the delta (Δ) between HUT and supine resting positions. Spearman correlation analysis was applied. PAF patients were characterized by a moderate autonomic dysfunction (COMPASS-31 total score 47.08 ± 20.2) and by a reduction of work ability (WAI 26.88 ± 10.72). Direct significant correlations were found between WAI and ΔLFRR (r = 0.66, p = 0.03) and ΔLF/HFRR (r = 0.70, p = 0.02). Results indicate that patients who were better able to modulate heart rate, as revealed by a greater cardiac sympathetic increase and/or vagal withdrawal during the orthostatic stimulus, were those who reported higher values of WAI. This finding could be relevant to propose new strategies in the occupational environment to prevent early retirement or to extend the working life of these patients.

Alcohol Abuse and Insomnia Disorder: Focus on a Group of Night and Day Workers

The sleep-wake cycle plays a fundamental role in maintaining the physiological balance of our body. Its alteration favours the genesis of several organic alterations and diseases including sleep disorders and the consumption of several substances of abuse. It has been reported that the work activity, especially that carried out during the night, is able to influence the sleep-wake cycle, promoting the development of insomnia, which, in turn, would subject the worker to a stressful condition such as to encourage adverse behaviour such as the use/abuse of psychotropic substances. Based on the above premises, the aim of our research was to evaluate, in night workers: (i) the pattern of consumption of alcoholic beverages; (ii) the presence of insomnia; and (iii) the possible correlation between alcohol consumption and insomnia disorder. We used the AUDIT-C test (the abbreviated version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and the Insomnia Severity Index to assess alcohol consumption and insomnia disorder, respectively. All questionnaires were completed by workers of both sexes belonging to different types of work activities, exclusively day or night. The results of our research show a higher propensity of night workers to consume alcoholic beverages than those who work during daytime hours, often in binge-drinking mode. In addition, an increase in the amount of alcohol consumed was found to be related to insomnia disorder, especially in night workers. This study provides further awareness of the importance of the negative impact of alcohol consumption on sleep quality in night workers.

PLANNING (PERENCANAAN) DALAM MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Planning is needed by various forms of organization, because this planning is the basic process of management in making decisions and actions. Planning is needed in any type of activity, whether it be organizational, corporate or community activities, and planning exists in every management function, because these functions can only carry out the decisions that have been determined in the planning. This article aims to explain the importance of planning in the Islamic education system. The results show that in management, planning is the process of defining organizational goals, creating strategies to achieve those goals, and developing organizational work activity plans. Planning is the most important process of all management functions because without planning the other functions of organizing, directing, and controlling will not be able to run. Good planning will result in good management. It is better to take decisions and actions in various forms of organization using the basic management process in the form of planning. In a plan, it is necessary to pay attention to the nature of a good plan to achieve the desired results.

Working at home and outside: Working conditions and non-working hours

In the presence of anti-epidemic restrictions, telework has become widespread around the world. This trend has provoked numerous debates on how efficient and convenient work from home is compared to that performed on special premises. However, work from home is not the only non-standard form of work activity. This study explores different types of workplace — locations and premises where workers perform their duties. Empirical analysis exploits microdata from “The time use survey” conducted by the Russian Statistical Agency in 2019. The survey identifies six types of work: on standard premises (offices or shop-floors), telework, homebased work, work performed in special facility (like kiosks, pavilions, gas filling stations, garages, etc.), in open air facilities (like construction sites or agricultural fields), or transportation/delivery services. These types of workplace differ in terms of employment and working conditions, work safety and commuting time, potentially contributing to social stratification. Thus, heterogeneity in “workplaces” contributes to social stratification, affects distribution of economic benefits and health risks and can be an additional measure of labor market inequality.

Health Problems and the Use of Medications and Traditional Therapies among Chinese Immigrants Living in Spain

In this study, we investigate the health problems and the use of medications and traditional therapies among Chinese immigrants in the Southern region of Spain. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and including 133 immigrants and 7 stakeholders was conducted in 2017. Transcription, literal reading, and theoretical categorization were performed, and a narrative content analysis was carried out. The most common health problems were musculoskeletal (28.6%) and allergies (25.6%) related to work activity and unhealthy lifestyles. Key informants also reported gastric problems, stress, and changes in eating habits, mostly related to their work activity. For these problems, a large number of traditional remedies (herbs, diet therapy, acupuncture, vitamins, etc.) were used, usually combined with pharmaceutical drugs used for colds, flu, general malaise (29%), pain and fever (23%), and allergy drugs (9.2%). Chinese immigrants reported health conditions associated with their working conditions and life habits in Spain, using Traditional Chinese Medicine instead of pharmacological drugs. Understanding these health problems and promoting awareness towards traditional therapies in the healthcare system may help to design public policies and Health Promotion strategies targeting this group.

Working at home and outside: Working conditions and non-working hours

In the presence of anti-epidemic restrictions, telework has become widespread around the world. This trend has provoked numerous debates on how efficient and convenient work from home is compared to that performed on special premises. However, work from home is not the only non-standard form of work activity. This study explores different types of workplace — locations and premises where workers perform their duties. Empirical analysis exploits microdata from “The time use survey” conducted by the Russian Statistical Agency in 2019. The survey identifies six types of work: on standard premises (offices or shop-floors), telework, homebased work, work performed in special facility (like kiosks, pavilions, gas filling stations, garages, etc.), in open air facilities (like construction sites or agricultural fields), or transportation/delivery services. These types of workplace differ in terms of employment and working conditions, work safety and commuting time, potentially contributing to social stratification. Thus, heterogeneity in “workplaces” contributes to social stratification, affects distribution of economic benefits and health risks and can be an additional measure of labor market inequality.