Abstract. The effect of clear-fell harvesting on soil greenhouse gas
(GHG) fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous
oxide (N2O) was assessed in a Sitka spruce forest growing on a peaty
gley organo-mineral soil in northern England. Fluxes from the soil and
litter layer were measured monthly by the closed chamber method and gas
chromatography over 4 years in two mature stands, with one area harvested
after the first year. Concurrent measurements of soil temperature and
moisture helped to elucidate reasons for the changes in fluxes. In the 3 years after felling, there was a significant increase in the soil
temperature, particularly between June and November (3 to 5 ∘C higher),
and in soil moisture, which was 62 % higher in the felled area, and these
had pronounced effects on the GHG balance in addition to the removal of the
trees and their carbon input to the soil. Annual soil CO2 effluxes
reduced to almost a third in the first year after felling (a drop from 24.0
to 8.9 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1) and half in the second and third year
(mean 11.8 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1) compared to before felling, while
those from the unfelled area were little changed. Annual effluxes of
N2O more than doubled in the first two years (from 1.0 to 2.3 and 2.5 t CO2e ha−1 yr−1, respectively), although by the third year
they were only 20 % higher (1.2 t CO2e ha−1 yr−1). CH4
fluxes changed from a small net uptake of −0.03 t CO2e ha−1 yr−1 before felling to a small efflux increasing over the 3 years to
0.34 t CO2e ha−1 yr−1, presumably because of the wetter soil
after felling. Soil CO2 effluxes dominated the annual net GHG emission when the three
gases were compared using their global warming potential (GWP), but N2O
contributed up to 20 % of this. This study showed fluxes of CO2,
CH4, and N2O responded differently to clear-felling due to the
significant changes in soil biotic and abiotic factors and showed large
variations between years. This demonstrates the need for multi-year
measurements of all GHGs to enable a robust estimate of the effect of the
clear-fell phase on the GHG balance of managed forests. This is one of very
few multi-year monitoring studies to assess the effect of clear-fell
harvesting on soil GHG fluxes.