Results of treatment of fifty children with persistent cloaca in one center

BACKGROUND: The preserved cloaca is a particular type of anorectal anomaly. The combination of urological, genital, and rectal abnormalities makes radical reconstruction difficult. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined operations performed in 50 patients with persistent cloaca treated from 2010 to 2021. Two groups are presented: the first with 35 children and a short canal (3 cm), and the second with 15 children and a long canal (3 cm). We examined the prognosis for bowel control, the type of operation, the need for vaginal reconstruction, complications after surgery, and the days of hospital stay. RESULTS: Anomalies of the Mllerian ducts in the second group (94%) were higher than in the first (36%) (p 0.001). The sacral index and myelodysplasia did not differ in both groups. The sacral index in the first group was 0.62 0.14, and in the second group, it was 0.58 0.14 (p = 0.520). Myelodysplasia in the first group was 33%, and in the second group, it was 38% (p = 0.744). Total urogenital mobilization (51%) was used in the first group, and abdominal reconstruction (54%) was used in the second group. Vaginal reconstruction was required in 28% of patients in the first group and 60% in the second group. Complications were 3.5 times more likely in the first group (60% versus 17% in the second) (p = 0.003). The length of hospital stay in patients in the second group was longer than that of patients in the first group. CONCLUSION: Our study data demonstrate that the reconstruction of a persistent cloaca requires individual planning of the operation, considering the length of the canal and the state of all structures forming the cloaca.

«INDUSTRIAL BIROBIDZHAN IS GROWING»: TWO EXHIBITIONS IN MOSCOW AND LENINGRAD DEDICATED TO JEWISH ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE USSR IN 1930S

The author of the article considers two exhibitions dedicated to the Soviet propaganda project for the radical reconstruction of the Russian Jewry socio-economic structure. The first one – «Birobidzhan» – was held in 1933 in a pavilion of the Maxim Gorky Central Park of Culture and Rest in Moscow. Another exhibition – «Jews in Tsarist Russia and in the USSR», organized by the Jewish section of the State Museum of Ethnography (now – the Russian Ethnographic Museum) was working in Leningrad for the period from 1939 to 1941. Based on the documents stored in the Scientific Archive of the Russian Ethnographic Museum, the author shows how the Soviet propaganda machine used the demonstration material of museums in 1930s. The entire arsenal of exhibition was used to demonstrate «the achievements of the Leninist-Stalinist national policy among the Jews of the USSR», a creation of the Jewish Autonomous Region in the Soviet Far East being a major one.

Politics of the Civil War and Reconstruction

This essay traces political developments in the Civil War Era between 1861 and 1877. In doing so, it argues that unpredictability and uncertainty defined the politics of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Political parties and party labels were fluid and malleable in the midst of contemporary predictions of political realignment. The essay attempts to interpret the major events of the period through this lens of political instability. It outlines party politics during the Civil War in both the North and the South, discusses the Lincoln administration, and interprets the elections of 1862 and 1864. The essay then moves to the politics of Reconstruction, discussing the clash between Andrew Johnson and Congress, Radical Reconstruction, and the presidential elections of 1868 and 1872. The essay concludes with political developments in the South, the failure of Reconstruction, and the presidential election of 1876.

China’s Environmental Protection in the New Era from the Perspective of Eco-civilization Construction

Under a particular context of China’ eco-civilization construction in the New Era after the 18th national congress of CPC, an interesting question is that the discourse of socialist eco-civilization and its practice can to what an extent reshape or change the relationship among eco-capital, green technology and public participation in achieving a better environmental governance. A field-study in Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, shows clearly that there are both great hope for a radical reconstruction and multitudinous difficulties and challenges in front of the pioneering Green enterprises and the pilot areas of eco-civilization construction.

Participation of teachers of schools of the USSR in public life 1985 – 1991 years: in the language of periodics

The last period of the USSR's existence was turbulent and ambiguous. The proclaimed "perestroika" was intended to cosmetically adjust the existing system. Its main slogans were democratization, depoliticization and publicity. Teachers joined these processes. For a long time they were a member of various organizations that regulated their activities: the Pedagogical Society "Knowledge", trade unions. The activities of the former were educational and cultural in nature. It organized pedagogical readings, meetings, reading conferences, competitions, studied and disseminated pedagogical experience. Teachers became active members of the Ukrainian Language Society named after T.G. Shevchenko, the Ukrainian Green World Association, the People's Movement, the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation, etc. The intelligentsia became the founders of various organizations, which not only morally but also financially supported the school by providing them with funds, printing textbooks and other literature, established international relations. Teachers remained union members trying to "be on the wave." Their activities were more socio-economic. This was due to low, late payment of wages, high prices, inflation and shortages of consumer goods. The requirements for teachers did not coincide with their real position and status. They were faced with even greater challenges. Instead, the Communist Party of the Ukrainian SSR resisted democratic transformation in society. On the one hand, she understood that changes were needed, and on the other hand, she did not accept a radical reconstruction of her own foundations. From economic and cultural slogans, teachers moved to political ones. Their activity contributed to the consolidation of Ukrainians and the transition of society to a new period in its history – Independent Ukraine.

The Independent Republican

This chapter sheds further lights on the dynamics of Delany’s controversial views on social equality and racial reconciliation; his prescriptions and strategies for attaining justice and equality; his views on the shortcomings of Radical Reconstruction; his persistent critique of the Black-Radical Republican Party alliance, his growing alienation from the party; and reactions of ideological opponents and former associates to his controversial and provocative political ideas. The documents expound on the circumstances leading to Delany’s brief alliance with South Carolina State Conservatives, Independents and Ex-Confederates. The alliance symbolized the utilitarian and conflicted nature of his political thought. The documents highlight as well Delany’s political and social conservatism and rationale for the decision to switch to the conservative Democratic Party. They attest to his commitment to racial cooperation, compromise and belief that severing ties with the Radical Republicans, deemphasizing social equality, and embracing the Democratic Party would advance the interests of blacks.

The Conservative Republican

Documents in chapter three introduce readers to the intricacies and challenges of the first phase of Martin Delany’s entry into the politics of Reconstruction in South Carolina. They elucidate his political philosophy and visions; his advice to blacks on how best to maximize the benefits of their newly acquired citizenship rights; his ambivalent views on black political rights; his controversial stand on social equality; his scathing rebuke of black political aspirations and demands; and insistence that blacks attained some pre-qualification before aspiring for certain political positions. The documents also underscore the conflicting reactions of contemporaries to Delany’s controversial and at times provocative critiques of Radical Reconstruction. Ultimately, his advocacy of compromise, accommodation and racial reconciliation alienated him from the ruling radical Republican Party, prompting his decision to switch party allegiance and join the Democratic Party. The documents represent the conflicts Delany’s ideas provoked and the essential pragmatism of his thoughts.