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2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa Abu-Raya ◽  
Shabir A. Madhi ◽  
Saad B. Omer ◽  
Gayatri Amirthalingam ◽  
Michelle L. Giles ◽  
...  

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnancy is associated with a higher risk for severe morbidity and mortality when compared with infection in non-pregnant women of childbearing age. An increasing number of countries recommend immunization against SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women. Recent studies provide preliminary and supportive evidence on safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in pregnant women; however, important knowledge gaps remain which warrant further studies. This collaborative consensus paper provides a review of the current literature on COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women, identifies knowledge gaps and outlines priorities for future research to optimize protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the pregnant women and their infants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
D. Di Mascio ◽  
F. D'Antonio ◽  
G. Rizzo

The World Association of Perinatal Medicine (WAPM) study on the COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was an international, retrospective cohort study that included pregnant women tested positive with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between February and April 2020. The study involved 73 centers from 22 countries. The WAPM study included 388 singletons, viable pregnancies, positive to SARS-CoV-2 at real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction nasal and pharyngeal swab. The majority of the included women were symptomatic. The occurrence of maternal adverse events was significantly higher in symptomatic, compared with asymptomatic pregnant women. Women carrying high-risk pregnancies (either preexisting chronic medical conditions in pregnancy or obstetrical disorders occurring in pregnancy) were at a higher risk of hospital admission, presence of severe respiratory symptoms, admission to the intensive care unit, and invasive mechanical ventilation. As per maternal outcomes, the occurrence of fetal and neonatal adverse events was significantly higher in symptomatic, compared with asymptomatic pregnant women. The incidence of a composite adverse fetal outcome was significantly higher when the infection occurred in the first trimester, and in fetuses with lower birthweight.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey M Stein ◽  
Jeremy Snider ◽  
Siraj M Ali ◽  
Rebecca A Miksad ◽  
Brian M Alexander ◽  
...  

Aim: To assess concordance between HER2 status measured by traditional methods and ERBB2 amplification measured by next-generation sequencing and its association with first-line trastuzumab clinical benefit in patients with advanced esophagogastric cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis of HER2/ ERBB2 concordance using a deidentified USA-based clinicogenomic database. Clinical outcomes were assessed for patients with HER2+ advanced esophagogastric cancer who received first-line trastuzumab. Results: Overall HER2/ ERBB2 concordance was 87.5%. Among patients who received first-line trastuzumab, concordant HER2/ ERBB2 was associated with longer time to treatment discontinuation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90) and overall survival (aHR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33–0.79). ERBB2 copy number ≥25 (median) was associated with longer time to treatment discontinuation (aHR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35–0.88) and overall survival (aHR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.91). Conclusion: HER2/ ERBB2 concordance and higher ERBB2 copy number predicted clinical benefit from trastuzumab.


Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Hoctor

The crime of defamation, known as criminal libel in some jurisdictions, has (along with associated “insult laws”) been identified in the 2007 Declaration of Table Mountain of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers as the “greatest scourge of press freedom on the continent”. The Declaration proceeds to call for the abolition of such laws as a matter of urgency. This call has similarly been made in the Caribbean context by the International Press Institute and in the Commonwealth by the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI). Writing on behalf of CHRI, Cowell notes the “chilling effect” of defamation laws (along with the procedural laws and regulations governing libel actions), defining this phenomenon as “partially … self-censorship on the part of individuals but in general…a wider culture of fear and uncertainty within society that limits free speech”. On this basis, Cowell argues (for CHRI) that criminal defamation represents the “clearest threat to the exercise of freedom of speech withCommonwealth states” and that the “threat of criminal sanction can act as asignificant and widespread deterrent against all freedom of speech”, and that they should therefore be repealed. Similar calls forthe abolition of criminal defamation laws have issued from the Organization of American States and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and in response to a complaint relating to a criminal libel conviction emanating from the Philippines, the United Nations Human Rights Council stated that “States parties should consider the decriminalization of defamation … application of the criminal law [in the context of defamation] should only be countenanced in the most serious of cases and imprisonment is never an appropriate remedy”.Despite these calls for the abolition of the crime, it is noteworthy that the crime is retained in many jurisdictions, including European jurisdictions and Commonwealth countries. For example, every Commonwealth state in the English-speaking Caribbean (except Grenada) has specific criminal libel laws, Asian Commonwealth countries such as India, Singapore and Malaysia have corresponding criminaldefamation provisions, and so do African Commonwealth countries such as Botswana and South Africa. In addition, Commonwealth members such as Australia and Canada retain criminal defamation laws. An approach from the Commonwealth Press Union arguing for the abolition of the crime of defamation on the basis that such a crime threatens freedom of expression and is subject to abuse, being used in cases which do not involve the public interest, did not find favour with the Commonwealth Law ministers in their meeting in Accra in 2005.


2021 ◽  

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit investments in tourism hard. While global FDI dropped by 35% in the first half of 2020, within the tourism sector the fall in announced foreign investment was 73.2%. As a result, the sector lost USD 1.3 trillion in export revenues in 2020, placing between 100 million and 120 million direct tourism jobs at risk and translating into an estimated loss of over USD 2.5 trillion in global GDP. In this context, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) identified investments as one of four key areas to be prioritized as the sector restarts and recovers. For this purpose, UNWTO has joined forces with the World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) to strengthen the capacities of its Member States to safeguard, attract and promote tourism investment projects during and after the pandemic for faster economic recovery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
Emrah Köksal Sezgin ◽  
Abdullah Tanrısevdi

This research includes findings and interpretations aiming to determine theoretical information on gastronomy tourism and international visitors’ gastronomy behaviors and expectations in terms of Aydın province model. The problem sentence of the research in which Aydın province’s gastronomic properties are aimed to be determined and the fulfillment level of the international visitors’ gastronomy behaviors and expectations are aimed to be measured accordingly has been determined as: “what is the fulfillment level of the international visitors’ gastronomy preferences and expectations within the scope of Aydın province gastronomic properties?”. Along with this general problem sentence, other sub-problems have been tried to be replied as well. The first stage of the research was completed with a questionnaire applied to tourists staying in Kuşadası in order to determine the preferences and expectations of the tourists who visited the region. At the second stage of the research, a semi-structured interview form was applied to the participants in order to determine Aydın province’s gastronomic properties from a qualitative point of view. At the third stage of the research, international food festival attendants were requested to make an assessment on the menu which reflects the gastronomic properties of Aydın province through the assessment form of the World Association of Chefs' Societies with the intention of assessment of the determined gastronomic properties of the province.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina De Robertis ◽  
Cihat Şen ◽  
Ilan Timor-Tritsch ◽  
Rabih Chaoui ◽  
Paolo Volpe ◽  
...  

These practice guidelines follow the mission of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine (WAPM) in collaboration with the Perinatal Medicine Foundation, bringing together groups and individuals throughout the world, with the goal of improving the ultrasound assessment of the fetal central nervous system (CNS) anatomy. In fact, this document provides further guidance for healthcare practitioners for the evaluation of the fetal CNS during the mid-trimester ultrasound scan with the aim to increase the ability in evaluating normal fetal anatomy. Therefore, it is not intended to establish a legal standard of care. This document is based on consensus among perinatal experts throughout the world, and serves as a guideline for use in clinical practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina De Robertis ◽  
Cihat Sen ◽  
Ilan Timor-Tritsch ◽  
Rabih Chaoui ◽  
Paolo Volpe ◽  
...  

Abstract These practice guidelines follow the mission of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine in collaboration with the Perinatal Medicine Foundation, bringing together groups and individuals throughout the world, with the goal of improving the ultrasound assessment of the fetal Central Nervous System (CNS) anatomy. In fact, this document provides further guidance for healthcare practitioners for the evaluation of the fetal CNS during the mid-trimester ultrasound scan with the aim to increase the ability in evaluating normal fetal anatomy. Therefore, it is not intended to establish a legal standard of care. This document is based on consensus among perinatal experts throughout the world, and serves as a guideline for use in clinical practice.


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