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The Process of Ageing of Societies: On the Need for Research on (In)Resilience of Demographic Change and (In)Appropriateness of State Social Policy in the Context of the Japanese, South Korean, German and Polish Experiences The existence of a low birth rate has so far frequently been associated with the repercussions of either armed conflicts or epidemics. Economic crises, religious upheavals, cultural changes or industrial revolutions have also been cited as causes, albeit less frequently. The phenomenon of the ageing of societies which we are currently observing, however, has – by all indications – other and not yet fully defined causes. It is therefore worth considering not only why this is happening, but also if the phenomenon stems from the same causes everywhere. It may well be that the phenomenon of ageing societies occurs in various parts of the globe, but this does not prove that it is an automatism, caused by the same combination of factors. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify which of the defined factors play a catalytic role in the process under consideration, and which factors are indifferent or of marginal significance in relation to it, as well as whether it is possible, on the basis of comparative analysis of the cases of the proposed countries, to ascribe universal importance to all of them?

Characteristics of the Finnish education system: impact on social life

In this article, the authors highlight the achievements of the Finnish education system, the most successful at the moment, in all countries of the world. The practical significance of the research for the institutions responsible for education in the Republic of Moldova and Israel, about the activity the authors are informed, is significant. In both states we have fundamental problems with reforming the education system, developing and implementing new curricula. The authors emerge from the thesis about applying the principle of learning continuity, complete assimilation of information about the researched fields. Initially, this principle was realized in Finland. In conclusion, the authors mention: the country with a high level of economic development, with an economy open to inclusion, is distinguished by a level of education, a higher technological level. In such a country, the population benefits from advanced infrastructures, a diversity of quality services, long life, and a low birth rate.

Record low birth rate hastens depopulation in China

Headline CHINA: Record low birth rate hastens depopulation

Suga's strategy will boost semiconductors and regions

Significance Priorities include digitalisation, a greener society, regional vitality and increased child support. Perhaps the most strategically important element, however, is the aim of reviving Japan's declining semiconductor sector. Japan still has more chip factories than any other country, but is far from the cutting edge. Impacts The goal of fiscal balance by 2025 is a placeholder; the decades-long pattern of repeated deferral will continue. Economic trends and government policy will drive regional renewal in many areas, but the impact on the national level will not be large. Greater support of women and children will at best have a small effect on raising Japan’s low birth rate.

Analysis of the population policy in the low birth rate countries. Their experience and some results

This article presents the short overview of the foreign literature, in which has been considered the population policy and some results of the implementation of such approaches. The objects are the researches of the low rate birth countries which have the same kind of problems as Russia. We consider the essential mechanism which helps the developed societies to stimulate the childbirth. It has been reviewed the results of the different types of population policy in several groups of the countries: Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries; Japan and South Korea; Southern, Western and Eastern Europe.