Perbaikan desain tungku hemat energi untuk produsen keumamah di Kota Banda Aceh (Design improvement of energy-efficient stove for keumamah producers in Banda Aceh)

ABSTRAKPengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi masalah dan memberikan solusi pada tahap perebusan ikan tongkol sebelum dikeringkan menjadi keumamah. Mitra PKM selama ini menggunakan tungku terbuka yang pembakarannya tidak sempurna sehingga membutuhkan banyak biomassa kayu. Pembakaran dengan tungku terbuka ini menghasilkan banyak asap, jelaga, dan gas-gas polutan. Akibatnya pembelian kayu bakar menjadi belanja bahan terbesar setelah ikan dan berdampak mengurangi margin keuntungan pengusaha. Gas-gas polutan dan asap serta partikel sisa pembakaran berdampak negatif kepada kesehatan pengusaha, pekerja, kualitas, kenyamanan dan ketentraman lingkungan di sekitar tempat usaha. Solusi yang diberikan kepada kedua mitra adalah desain khusus dan pembuatan tungku hemat energi yang menerapkan teknologi tepat guna dengan pengurangan konsumsi biomasa kayu sampai 33% serta meminimalkan asap dan gas-gas polutan. Penggunaan tungku hemat energi ini dapat mengurangi pengeluaran untuk biomasa kayu, perbaikan kenyamanan dan ketentraman lingkungan sekitar usaha serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan pengusaha keumamah. Disamping itu, kualitas keumamah, daya saing, dan perluasan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat sekitar juga meningkat dan memberikan efek multiplying bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di sekitar lokasi usaha.Kata kunci: tungku hemat energi, keumamah; biomasa kayu, energi terbarukan ABSTRACTThis community service (PKM) aims at identifying problems and providing solutions for keumamah producers, particularly at the stage of fish boiling prior to the drying of keumamah. PKM partners have been using open stoves with incomplete combustion, thus requiring a lot of wooden biomass. Combustion with this open furnace produces a lot of smoke, soot and pollutant gases. As the results, the purchase of firewood is the biggest material spending after fish and has an impact on reducing the profit margins of producers. Furthermore, pollutant gases and smoke and combustion particles have a negative impact on the health of employers, workers, quality and comfort as well as the environment around and in the production site. The solution given to the two partners is the specially designed and manufactured energy-efficient stoves that include appropriate feature to reduce wooden biomass consumption by up to 33% and minimize smoke and pollutant gases. The use of energy-efficient stoves can reduce expenses on wood biomass, improve comfort and peace of the environment around the business location and improve the welfare of the producers. In addition, the quality of the public life, competitiveness and expansion of employment opportunities for the surrounding community also increase and provide a multiplying effect for economic growth around the business location.Keywords: energy-saving stove, keumamah, wooden biomass, renewable energy

Simple and Efficient Rout for Synthesis of Spinel Nanopigments

Nano-sized CoxMg1−xAl2O4(x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) inorganic pigments were synthesized via combustion method usingβ-alanine, as a single and novel fuel, at 800°C in open furnace. The obtained powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), CIEL*a*b* color measurements, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD patterns show that all calcined powders have single phase cubic spinel structure. EDX analysis revealed the composition of desired spinels. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the CoxMg1−xAl2O4(x> 0) pigments confirmed the presence of tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ions in the spinel lattice. The colorimetric data pointed out the formation of blue pigments (forx> 0), corresponding to highly negative values ofb*, and the bluest color was produced forx= 0.8 and 1. SEM images showed nanoparticles with less than 30 nm crystallite size and flakes-like appearance of all synthesized powders.