Simultaneous Occurrence of Balanoposthitis Circumscripta Plasmacellularis Zoon, Phimosis and in Situ Carcinoma of the Penis: Case Report with An Unusual Ulcerated Polypoid Variant of Zoon’s Disease and a Carcinoma in Situ of Reserve Cell Type

BACKGROUND: Zoon's balanitis is a benign disease characterized by an asymptomatic, chronic, solitary, shiny, red-orange plaque of the glans and/ or prepuce. In rare cases of Zoon’s disease, penile squamous cell carcinoma developed in the chronic inflammatory lesions.CASE REPORT: We report on a 68-year-old male patient presenting with phimosis and coexistent Zoon’s disease and penile carcinoma in situ treated successfully by circumcision.CONCLUSION: Coexistence of both lesions in contrast to the development of cancerous lesions within pre-existent Zoon’s disease is a very rare observation.

BCL11A interacts with SOX2 to control the expression of epigenetic regulators in lung squamous cell carcinoma

Patients diagnosed with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) have limited targeted therapeutic options. We report here the identification and characterisation of the transcriptional regulator,BCL11A, as a LUSC oncogene. Analysis of cancer genomics datasets revealedBCL11Ato be upregulated in LUSC but not lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We demonstrated that knockdown ofBCL11Ain LUSC cell lines abolished xenograft tumour growth and its overexpressionin vivoled to lung airway hyperplasia and the development of reserve cell hyperplastic lesions. In addition, deletion ofBcl11ain the tracheal basal cells abolished the development of tracheosphere organoids while its overexpression led to solid tracheospheres with a squamous phenotype. At the molecular level we foundBCL11Ato be a target of SOX2 and we show that it is required for the oncogenic role of SOX2 in LUSC. Furthermore, we showed thatBCL11Aand SOX2 interact at the protein level and that together they co-regulated the expression of several transcription factors. We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of SETD8, a gene co-regulated by BCL11A and SOX2, alone or in combination with cisplatin treatment, shows significant selectivity to LUSC in comparison to LUAD cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the disruption of the BCL11A-SOX2 transcriptional program provides a future framework for the development of targeted therapeutic intervention for LUSC patients.

Cytologic diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: a distinct rarely described entity

A rare case of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland with cervical lymph node metastasis in a 50-year-old man is reported and the literature regarding this type of tumor is reviewed. These tumors arise from either an intercalated duct stem cell or the reserve cell of the salivary gland terminal tubule but not from both simultaneously. Rarely these neoplasms arise from more mature acinar cells. It is clear that these tumors behave ominously. The 25 year determinate survival rate is 50%, with a 20% incidence of metastasis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy, especially neutron therapy, has a place in the treatment of this tumor but the role of chemotherapy is not exactly known at this time.