Effective Landé factors for an electrostatically defined quantum point contact in silicene

The transconductance and effective Landé $$g^*$$ g ∗ factors for a quantum point contact defined in silicene by the electric field of a split gate is investigated. The strong spin–orbit coupling in buckled silicene reduces the $$g^*$$ g ∗ factor for in-plane magnetic field from the nominal value 2 to around 1.2 for the first- to 0.45 for the third conduction subband. However, for perpendicular magnetic field we observe an enhancement of $$g^*$$ g ∗ factors for the first subband to 5.8 in nanoribbon with zigzag and to 2.5 with armchair edge. The main contribution to the Zeeman splitting comes from the intrinsic spin–orbit coupling defined by the Kane–Mele form of interaction.

The rapidly oscillating Ap star γ Equ: linear polarization as an enhanced pulsation diagnostic?

ABSTRACT We present the first short time-scale observations of the rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star γ Equ in linear polarized light obtained with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument installed at the Large Binocular Telescope. These observations are used to search for pulsation variability in Stokes Q and U line profiles belonging to different elements. The atmospheres of roAp stars are significantly stratified with spectral lines of different elements probing different atmospheric depths. roAp stars with strong magnetic fields, such as γ Equ with a magnetic field modulus of 4 kG and a pulsation period of 12.21 min, are of special interest because the effect of the magnetic field on the structure of their atmospheres can be studied with greatest detail and accuracy. Our results show that we may detect changes in the transversal field component in Fe i and rare earth element lines possessing large second-order Landé factors. Such variability can be due to the impact of pulsation on the transverse magnetic field, causing changes in the obliquity angles of the magnetic force lines. Further studies of roAp stars in linear polarized light and subsequent detailed modelling are necessary to improve our understanding of the involved physics.

Identification of Free Radical in Main Stream Cigarette Smoke in Cigarette with Clove mix (Kretek) and Cigarette without Clove mix (White)

Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals. Cigarette smoke is a component of Aerosols and free gases that contain large amounts of chemical compounds. Cigarette smoke can be divided into two: main smoke and side smoke. The main smoke of cigarettes inhaled by smokers is known to cause a buildup of harmful substances and causes of oxidative stress so that research is carried out using ESR Leybold Heraeus. The sample used is a smoke sample from two types of cigarettes that are popular in Indonesia. The measurement is done by pulling smoke directly into the measurement tube. Then the resonance pattern is observed and the external magnetic field is calculated and the value of the lande factor is based on frequency and current data. Measurements result showed resonance in both types of cigarettes, at a frequency of 32.4-70.8 MHz and obtained values of lande factors that vary and have a value between 1.9-2.1 with two acquisition values that are outside the range that is 1.8368; and 2.2060. There are differences in the number of resonances that occur for each sample. This difference can be due to differences in the constituent of content and the texture of cigarettes which can affect the results of the combustion process.

Solutions to Schrödinger’s equation

Eigenstates of the square well potential are calculated and displayed. Barrier penetration and the connection to total internal reflection are explained. α‎–decay by barrier penetration is calculated and used to explain Geiger–Nuttall plots. Gauss–Hermite solutions to the harmonic oscillator potential are deduced and displayed. Zero point fluctuations are introduced. Hydrogen atom eigenstate wavefunctions for the Coulomb potential are calculated and displayed. Principal, orbital angular momentum and intrinsic angular momentum quantum numbers and their allowed combinations are discussed and interpreted: n, l, ml, s and ms. The Stern–Gerlach experiment and Pauli’s perception that electron spin is half-integral are presented; as are Beth’s experiment and photon spin. Dominance of electric dipole transitions and resulting selection rules discussed. Fine spectral structure and spin-orbit coupling are described. Nuclear spin and resulting hyperfine spectral structure are introduced. Landé factors introduced.