Presence of Chaperone during Pelvic Examination: Women’s Opinions and Preferences in a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Introduction: Pelvic examination in the evaluation of patients can be a source of dissatisfaction and litigation from patients. A chaperone is beneficial in militating against unforeseen circumstances surrounding this clinical examination. Aim: To access the opinions and preferences of patients in pelvic examinations and factors associated with the use of chaperones in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. Women were recruited between October 2017 to April 2018 among patients attending the Gynaecological Clinic at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data such as the socio-demographic characteristics, feelings towards pelvic examinations, and preferences about the gender of the examining doctor as well as the presence of a chaperone. Data analysis was done using International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) Statistics version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Out of 423 questionnaires distributed, 395 respondents completed the survey giving a response rate of 93.4%. The mean age of the respondents were 29.2±6.2 years. Majority of the respondents would prefer to be seen by a female gynaecologist 342 (86.6%). About 50 (12.7%) respondents would decline pelvic examination. The commonest reason given for refusing gynaecologic examination was uncomfortable environment 25 (50%). More than two-third 264 (76.5%) would prefer to have a chaperone present at any pelvic examination. Avoidance of sexual molestation was the commonest reason given for wanting a chaperone to be present 207 (78.4%). Nulliparous women (OR=2.25 95% CI 1.13-4.50) and those with at least a secondary education (OR=7.91 95% CI 4.54-13.78) were also more likely to request a chaperone. Conclusion: Majority of the women in present study wanted the presence of a chaperone during a pelvic examination. It is therefore recommended that chaperones should routinely be offered during pelvic examination in Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria.

Cognitive State Analysis System to Ensure Safety of Women and Elderly

Though we live in the 21st century with high degree of comfort and sophistication, we fail utterly in cases of women safety. Around 34,600 sexual molestation cases were reported against men in last 6 years in India. In 2017, everyday 6 sexual molestation cases are being reported in India, in an average. So, there is a huge and urgent need to re-fabricate the social fabric of the society to ensure women safety. Hereby, we propose a system of complete automation to ensure the safety of women which also enables us to identify and act accordingly in the cases of emergency. This system can be used to ensure the safety of any living individual. The main advantage of this system is that it does not require any action of the affected individual to get help, i.e., Supreme automation. It can be used to check the clean flow of life of individuals especially, the elders, women and kids. It enables us to help the needed in the exact time of need. This system works on the basis of the user’s cognitive state analysis (Normal/Unconscious/High alertness (Fear))

CHALLENGES TO THE ENACTMENT OF THE ELIMINATION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE BILL

<p>Indonesia currently has only one criminal law, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), which was enacted and inherited from our colonial government. There has been an effort to amend this law but up until now the amendment of this law is not enacted yet. In this law, there are only two types of sexual violence which have legal protection: rape and sexual molestation (<em>pencabulan</em>), while in the current reality, based on the reported cases to partners of Komnas Perempuan from 2001-2011, there are 15 types of sexual violence; and the number of sexual violence cases has been increasing. As a result, it is difficult for victims of the 15 types of sexual violence to have legal protection. This shows the existing hole in the <em>lex generalis</em> KUHP, which needs to be filled in by <em>lex specialis</em> law which specifically addresses sexual violence. Based on the need for legal protection for victims of various types of sexual violence and to protect women’s human rights, Komnas Perempuan and her partners have drafted the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill since 2014. This Bill has become one of the priorities of the national legislation program since 2016, after the incidence of a gang rape to a school age child in Bengkulu. However, up until the end of September 2019, this Bill was not enacted yet. In addition, there has been currently opposition to this Bill from the conservative group, accusing that this Bill legalizes <em>zina</em> (extra marital sexual relationship) and LGBT. This paper aims at elaborating the background, aims, contents and challenges to the enactment of the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill. I will argue that this Bill offers both procedural and substantive justice for women and the marginalized groups, the majority victims of sexual violence.</p>

A Case of Paraphilia with Osteoporosis and Administered with Depot Leuprorelin

Paraphilia is a complex psychological and psychiatric disorder that has been difficult to treat. Leuprorelin has been used as one of the therapeutic methods for paraphilia. Leuprorelin administration could change insulin resistance and accelerate bone loss. The case study in this work was a 59-year-old man who visited a hospital with the chief complaints of frotteuristic behaviors in public places, a continuous increase in sexual desire, and sexual molestation behavior that started in 2007. We injected leuprorelin (3.6 mg) intramuscularly every month for this patient with paraphilia and comorbidities of osteoporosis and hyperthyroidism. The clinical global impression (CGI), Sex Addiction Screening Test (SAST), Wilson Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ), physical examination, and laboratory tests were performed. After 12 months of leuprorelin injection for paraphilia, we found a significant improvement in abnormal sexual behavior/desire without aggravation of osteoporosis/hyperthyroidism. Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogs could be used as alternative or supplementary treatment methods for paraphilia with osteoporosis/hyperthyroidism.

The Patriarch

As a grown woman, Rose Tijerina accused her father, Reies López Tijerina, the founder of the Alianza Federal de Mercedes, a land-rights organization in New Mexico, of sexual molestation when she was a teen-ager. Her father vigorously denied the accusation. Nevertheless, oral histories with family members as well as archival documents show that Tijerina did demonstrate a patriarchal and controlling nature that demanded compliance. Disobedience courted physical abuse. Because she believed in the land-grant cause, Mary Escobar, his first wife, continued to operate as the Alianza’s secretary for several months even after the pair divorced. Then Rose, also eager to contribute to justice, took over that position. Unfortunately for all, Reies López Tijerina operated the Alianza akin to how he ran his family, with power concentrated in his hands and no tolerance for criticism.

Rethinking the Boogieman

The boogieman is known by various names in many cultures and is usually associated with parental transmission to infants to get them to sleep. The conventional functional explanation for its persistence in modern life is as a form of social control.This chapter finds in the usage of the belief from childhood into adulthood an alternative explanation in the projection of anxieties over sexual molestation.