The Expanded Caesura-Fill and Transcendental States in Beethoven's "Hammerklavier" Sonata

Anticipating Beethoven's late style, his Piano Sonata Op. 106, "Hammerklavier," contains distinct passages that serve to suspend formal time (noted by numerous scholars, including Adorno, Dahlhaus, Greene, Kinderman, et al.) and disrupt the forward progress of thematic zones within a sonata form. In this essay, I tie this suspension of time to a specific formal space introduced by Hepokoski and Darcy (2006)—the "caesura-fill"—which serves as a venue for compositional exploration throughout Beethoven's sonata oeuvre. Because caesura-fill music occurs between two thematic zones (transition and secondary themes), it has the potential not only for expansion but also for establishing a state of transcendence. In part 1, I investigate the presence of expanded caesura-fill in the exposition of the "Hammerklavier", which enters a transcendental state and postpones the secondary theme zone; harmonic and textural effects in the music underscore this aesthetic. In part 2, I draw comparisons to early- and middle-period works, most significantly the Eroica Symphony, Op. 55, and the "Archduke" Piano Trio, Op. 97. Finally, in part 3, I illustrate how the exposition of the "Hammerklavier" provides a script for the development section to again enter a zone of transcendence, using sharp-side keys to postpone and ultimately undermine the recapitulation.

Relaciones intergubernamentales y gestión pública de salud: Argentina y el caso de la Provincia de Córdoba / Intergovernmental relations and health public management: Argentina and the case of Córdoba

Las relaciones intergubernamentales resultan esenciales a la hora de examinar y definir los mecanismos de cooperación y de articulación entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno de un Estado federal, como es el caso argentino. En nuestro país podemos identificar dos fuertes movimientos descentralizadores de los aparatos de educación y de salud, el primero en los 70, y el segundo en los 90 del siglo pasado. Dicha descentralización se caracterizó por una escasa planificación, lo que implicó grandes complicaciones para las provincias que debieron gestionar y administrar miles de hospitales y escuelas sin una adecuada dotación de recursos, como así tampoco se tuvieron en cuenta mecanismos y agencias encargadas de coordinar esta trascendental reforma estatal. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar las relaciones intergubernamentales (RIGS) existentes en materia de políticas de salud en el eje Nación - provincias, sus principales características y las debilidades identificadas, con un anclaje específico en el caso de la Provincia de Córdoba. Para ello, se analizarán normas, instituciones y mecanismos de coordinación existentes en políticas de salud entre los gobiernos nacional y provinciales, con un especial acento en el caso de la Provincia de Córdoba. Intergovernmental relations are essential when analyzing and defining the mechanisms of cooperation and articulation between the different levels of government of a federal State, such as the Argentine case. In our country there were two strong decentralizing movements of education and health apparatuses, the first in the 70s, and the second in the 90s of the last century. The main characteristic of this decentralization was a poor planning, which resulted in complications for the provinces that received thousands of hospitals and schools without adequate resources, as well as mechanisms and agencies in charge of coordinating this transcendental state reform. This paper specifically analyzes norms, institutions and mechanisms of coordination existing in health policies between the national and provincial governments, with a special accent in the case of the Province of Córdoba.

Policy analysis in Turkey’s central government: current practices and future challenges

Turkey has witnessed a comprehensive transformation in its political-administrative structure and policy making actors since the 1980s, at which point Turkey started to pull away from its traditional ‘transcendental state’ tradition. While the central government expanded, especially within the prime ministry, and became a policy making centre, the external dynamics resulted in the creation of independent regulatory organisations, privatisation policies, NPM reforms and decentralisation. However, the dynamics of internal politics came to the fore and the referendum that was passed for the direct election of the president by the people in 2007 brought radical changes to the ministerial system in 2011, structured around the prime ministry. The adoption of a presidential government system in principle strengthened the central government again, triggering discussions on ‘re-centralisation’. In this chapter, the policy actors and dynamics that have been influential in the post-1980 period at the central government level in Turkey are examined from a constitutional-institutional perspective, transformations caused by administrative reforms in the field of policy making are evaluated and finally the transformation and challenges facing the presidential system and central government are analysed.

Suffering and Calm in Wordsworth's Early Poetry

In Wordsworth's early poetry, a description of natural tranquillity often follows a narration of human suffering. The most notable instance of this is the Pedlar's spear grass vision at the conclusion of The Ruined Cottage. This pattern of calm following suffering is not an attempt to evade the metaphysical questions provoked by evil and human misery; rather it represents a bona fide response which Wordsworth's imagination makes to the fictional representation of suffering. The poet contemplates the pathetic, as he does images of nature and memory, in order to provide himself with the excitement necessary to achieve the transcendental state he calls “calm.” This natural calm is Wordsworth's version of a significant and familiar response to fictive suffering, the psychological mechanism of catharsis.