Working Documents of an Auditor and the Quality Control of Financial Reporting Made up on Foreign Investor’s Demand

Specifics of using the working documents of an auditor when auditing the financial reporting made up on external user (foreign investor) demand are highlighted. It is demonstrated by statistical data that the foreign investment in Ukraine has been growing. It follows that investors need to have confidence that the financial information used by them for making decisions on the allocation of capital is authentic and reliable, which means that a foreign investor needs high quality audit. The abovementioned increases the responsibility of an auditor for the quality of audit conclusions made by the audit results. The commonly accepted quality criterion of audit is the requirements of the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) 2015, adopted in Ukraine as national ones. As ISA do not offer specific examples regarding the format of the auditor’s working documents, a practical example is taken to demonstrate the method for quality assurance of an auditor task using check lists (working documents) in the auditing practice. An example of check list and list to the company’s administrative personnel (the customer’s administration) on the audit results is shown. The list to the customer’s administration consists of the two parts: the address to administration and the section “Report on essential comments and defects identified in the process of audit”. This section reveals the auditor’s observations on the internal control and accounting system. An example of working document “cross control”, which is used in forming the auditor’s opinion and ensures the comparability of data obtained by an auditor, is given. Being the basis for forming the auditor’s opinion, the working documents of an auditor, once unified, will reduce the labor intensity of audit procedures. It is demonstrated that the standardized working documents allow for higher quality of audit and foreign investor’s confidence.

Cervicomedullary Ganglioglioma in a Child – A Case Report

Ganglioglioma is a benign slow-growing neoplasm that most frequently occurs at the supratentorial region. Nevertheless, there are occasional reports of ganglioglioma occurring in the brainstem and spinal cord. Here we report a rare case of the craniocervical ganglioglioma. A 3.5-year-old male, presented with severe progressive quadriparesis, gait disturbance, and sphincter deficit. Physical examination demonstrated the quadriparesis, associated with positive Hoffman, Babinski, and clonus signs, and increased respond of deep tendon reflexes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an ill-defined mass within medulla and upper cervical spinal cord, which was hypo to iso signal on T1, heterogeneous iso to hypersignal on T2 and demonstrated marked bright enhancement on T1 with gadolinium (Gad) injection. On surgery, the mass had a soft texture, ill-defined border, and grey to brown appearance. According to the frozen section report, and due to the absence of the tumour-neural parenchymal interference, only decompression of the tumour and expansile duraplasty were performed. The histopathology revealed ganglioglioma. On last follow-up 14 months after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic and neurological status was improved. The craniocervical MRI demonstrated the tumour that did not grow. Although it is rare, the ganglioglioma should be in the differentiated diagnoses of tumours with compatible clinical and radiologic features even in the unusual locations, especially in the pediatric and young patients. Safety surgical resection should be considered in these patients, whenever possible. In the case of partial resection, that is common in the tumours located within functionally critical structures, long close follow-up rather than radiation therapy is required.