COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF FREE EXTRUSION AT INITIAL DEFORMATION BY BENDING

All geometric formulas necessary for designing the process of extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom are obtained. Further, the obtained formulas will be used to develop scientifically based methods for calculating technological operations of free and constrained extrusion. The substantiation of the use of the wellknown methods of A. L. Vorontsov, developed for extrusion of glasses with a punch with a flat end, for calculating the deformed state of the workpiece is given.

Combined EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CONSTRAINED EXTRUSION AT INITIAL DEFORMATION BY BENDING

The methodology for calculating the energy-power and deformation parameters of the process of constrained extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom part, starting with the bend of the workpiece. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is considered. In the latter case, the account of the hardening of the extruded material is described in detail. The above formulas allow us to determine such important parameters of the stamping process as total and specific deforming force, maximum pressure on the die wall, and an increase in the yield stress.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE TRADITIONAL PROCESS OF CONSTRAINED EXTRUSION

The methodology for calculating the energy-power and deformation parameters of the traditional process of constrained extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom part, including preliminary obtaining by molding the outer conical section of the bottom part of the product and the subsequent reverse extrusion of the glass with an internal cavity of the required geometry, is presented. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is considered. In the latter case, the account of the hardening of the extruded material is described in detail. The above formulas allow us to determine such important parameters of the stamping process as total and specific deforming force, maximum pressure on the die wall, and an increase in the yield stress.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. KINEMATIC AND STRESS STATES OF THE PLASTIC REGION LOCATED UNDER THE CONICAL SURFACE OF THE PUNCH

For extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom using the method of plastic flow by A. L. Vorontsov, the kinematic and stress states of the extruded metal in the area of the plastic deformation center located under the conical surface of the punch were determined. The resulting formulas will be used to determine the stress state in the region of the hearth located under the central flat part of the punch-son՚s working end. In the future, the results of this mechanical and mathematical analysis will also make it possible to investigate the question of the presence of the taper of the punch, which is optimal in terms of strength.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. KINEMATIC AND STRESS STATES OF THE PLASTIC AREA LOCATED UNDER THE CENTRAL FLAT SURFACE OF THE PUNCH

For extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom using the method of plastic flow by A. L. Vorontsov, the kinematic and stress states of the extruded metal in the area of the plastic deformation center located under the central flat surface of the punch were determined. The formulas for the deforming force and the height of the zone of plastic deformation are obtained. In the future, the results of this mechanical and mathematical analysis will make it possible to formulate a scientifically grounded methodology for calculating the main technological parameters of extrusion of nozzles with a conical bottom, as well as to investigate the issue of the presence of the taper of the punch, which is optimal in strength.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. CALCULATION OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND PREREQUISITES FOR CALCULATING THE DEFORMED STATE OF THE WORKPIECE

All geometric formulas necessary for designing the process of extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom are obtained. Further, the obtained formulas will be used to develop scientifically based methods for calculating technological operations of free and constrained extrusion. The substantiation of the use of the wellknown methods of A. L. Vorontsov, developed for extrusion of glasses with a punch with a flat end, for calculating the deformed state of the workpiece is given.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE TRADITIONAL FREE EXTRUSION PROCESS

The method of calculating the energy-power and deformation parameters of the traditional process of free extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom part, including preliminary formation of the outer conical section of the bottom part of the product by molding and the following reverse extrusion of the glass with an internal cavity of the required geometry. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is considered. In the latter case, the account of the hardening of the extruded material is described in detail. The above formulas allow us to determine such important parameters of the stamping process as total and specific deforming force, maximum pressure on the die wall, and an increase in the yield stress.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. MECHANICAL AND MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOURTH AND FIFTH VARIANTS OF THE PROCESS

Using the general methods of A. L. Vorontsov, a mechanical and mathematical study of the fourth and fifth variants of the process of combined extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom was carried out. All necessary design schemes are presented. Calculation formulas have been obtained that make it possible to determine the deformation forces and the magnitude of the plastic deformation areas for each possible variant of the plastic flow of the workpiece metal. These formulas also make it possible to determine which variant of deformation will occur in a particular case, and are necessary for the successful design of this operation. The results of confirming experiments are presented.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. KINEMATIC AND STRESS STATES OF THE PLASTIC REGION IN CONTACT WITH THE CONICAL SURFACE OF THE MATRIX

For the extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom using the method of plastic flow by A. L. Vorontsov, the kinematic and stress states of the extruded metal in the area of the plastic deformation zone in contact with the conical surface of the matrix were determined. The results are combined with the results obtained earlier for the cylindrical region located under the forming glass wall. The resulting formulas will be used to determine the stress state in the areas of the focus located under the end of the punch. The derived formula for the maximum pressure on the matrix wall is necessary for calculating the matrix strength and making an informed decision about the need for its banding.

COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. KINEMATIC AND STRESS STATES OF A CYLINDRICAL PLASTIC REGION LOCATED UNDER THE FORMING GLASS WALL

For extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom using the method of plastic flow by A. L. Vorontsov, the kinematic and stress states of the extruded metal in the area of the plastic deformation center located under the formed wall of the glass and adjacent to the cylindrical section of the matrix were determined. The resulting formulas will be used to determine the stress state in the areas of the focus located under the punch end.