Management and Analysis of Large Qualitative Data Sets: Lessons Learned From Daily Journals for a Behavioral RCT

As part of a national RCT of a resourcefulness skills training intervention, 342 grandmother caregivers, completed daily online journals for 4 weeks, reporting “challenges or difficulties you faced today with your grandchildren or other family members and how you handled them.” In this paper, we describe the challenges and benefits of using an entirely online design for the distribution and collection of daily journals. We used NVIVO-12 Plus to perform directed content analysis to assess intervention enactment fidelity and compare content between intervention (trained in and prompted to discuss skills) and control groups. Over 92%(n=317) of participants completed daily journals. There was variation in reporting of skill use between groups: 36% of controls spontaneously used the skill “seek professional help” whereas only 4% of the control group reported the skill “change from usual reaction”. With careful management, qualitative data from large samples can be obtained and effectively analyzed for fidelity.

Phosphanchalkogenide und ihre Metallkomplexe. V. Derivate von [2.2]Paracyclophanylphosphanen

The known compound diphenyl([2.2]paracyclophanyl)phosphane 1 reacted smoothly with elemental sulfur or selenium to give the phosphane chalcogenides 3 and 4. The corresponding chlorido- or bromido-gold(I) complexes were however not obtained by the usual reaction with (tht)AuCl or (tht)AuBr. For the latter, direct oxidation of the reaction mixture with elemental bromine led to small quantities of {(PCP)PPh2Br}+ [AuBr4]−5 (PCP = [2.2]paracyclophanyl). Attempts to obtain the alkyl phosphane di-isopropyl([2.2]paracyclophanyl)phosphane 2 were at first unsuccessful because of contamination by the phosphonium derivatives [iPr2(PCP)PH]+X− (X = Cl 6, X = Br 7), but the mixture was found to react with elemental sulfur or selenium to give the phosphane chalcogenides 8 and 9. The gold(I) complexes (PCP)iPr2PEAuX [E = S, X = Cl (10), Br (11); E = Se, X = Cl (12), Br (13)] were obtained by the reactions of 8 and 9 with (tht)AuX. The chlorido complexes 10 and 12 were oxidized by PhICl2 to the gold(III) complexes (PCP)iPr2PEAuCl314 (E = S) and 15 (E = Se). An excess of PhICl2 led to the fully oxidized compound {(PCP)iPr2PSeCl}+[AuCl4]−16. The bromido complexes 11 and 13 were oxidized by elemental bromine to (PCP)iPr2PEAuBr317 (E = S) und 18 (E = Se), the latter however with a poor yield. Further oxidation was not achieved. The reactions of the chalcogenides 3, 4, 8 and 9 with elemental iodine led to the products 19, 20, 21 (1:1 adducts) and 22 (1:1 adduct with additional disordered diiodine), respectively.

Physical naturalness and dynamical breaking of classical scale invariance

We propose a model of a confining dark sector, dark technicolor, that communicates with the Standard Model (SM) through the Higgs portal. In this model electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking and dark matter (DM) share a common origin, and the EW scale is generated dynamically. Our motivation to suggest this model is the absence of evidence for new physics from recent Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data. Although the conclusion is far from certain at this point, this lack of evidence may suggest that no mechanism exists at the EW scale to stabilize the Higgs mass against radiative corrections from ultraviolet (UV) physics. The usual reaction to this puzzling situation is to conclude that the stabilizing new physics is either hidden from us by accident, or that it appears at energies that are currently inaccessible, such that nature is indeed fine-tuned. In order to re-examine the arguments that have led to this dichotomy, we review the concept of naturalness in effective field theories, discussing in particular the role of quadratic divergences in relation to different energy scales. This leads us to suggest classical scale invariance as a guideline for model building, implying that explicit mass scales are absent in the underlying theory.

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

Since the radioactivity can not be detected by senses, the most usual reaction to it is fear of unknown. The majority of non-professionals share the common concept of radioactivity as something mysterious and dangerous. The main reason could be insufficient education as well as lack of public information on the properties of ionizing radiation and also on its influence on the environment. The fact is that radioactivity is inevitably present in human surroundings and that the humanity has been living for millennia without cognition and understanding of ionizing radiation effects. Nevertheless, proper usage of ionizing radiation in many fields of human activity could lead the way of prosperity.

A rapid and efficient synthetic route to terminal arylacetylenes by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide- and methanol-catalyzed cleavage of 4-aryl-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ols

Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide with methanol as an additive was found to be a highly active catalyst for the cleavage of 4-aryl-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ols. The reaction was performed at 55–75 °C and gave terminal arylacetylenes in good to excellent yields within several minutes. Compared with the usual reaction conditions (normally >110 °C, several hours), this novel catalyst system can dramatically decrease the reaction time under much milder conditions.

Violations and migrations in health care: a framework for understanding and management: Figure 1

Violations are deliberate deviations from standard procedure. The usual reaction is to attempt to eliminate them and reprimand those concerned. However, the situation is not that simple. Firstly, violations paradoxically may be markers of high levels of safety because they need constraints and defences to exist. They may even become more frequent than errors in ultrasafe systems. Secondly, violations have both positive and negative aspects. On the one hand they occur frequently, increase system performance and individual satisfaction, are mostly limited to practices with limited safety consequences, and therefore are often tolerated or even encouraged by the hierarchy. On the other hand, extreme violations can lead to real danger or actual harm. This paper proposes a three phase model derived from Rasmussen’s theory of migration to boundaries to explain the mechanism by which the deviance occurs, stabilizes, regresses, or progresses to harm. The model suggests that violations are unavoidable because system dynamics and deviances are markers of adaptation to this dynamicity. Violations cannot be eliminated but they can be managed. Solutions are specific to each step of the model, with a mix of relaxing constraints, increasing peer control (staff), and constraining dangerous individuals.

Not-so-big in Japan: Western pop music in the Japanese market

The phrase ‘big in Japan’ has become a popular cliché, used to describe acts which are meant to be enjoying Japanese success: anyone from Kylie Minogue to Primal Scream; from Dead or Alive to Blur. It seems that even the most unregarded artists can make it in Japan. Even Spinal Tap – the fictional, washed-up heavy metal band from Rob Reiner's film of the same name – were finally able to find success in Japan. The implication seems to be that the Japanese hunger for Western culture is so strong that even bands who have failed in their own countries can succeed in the Japanese market. Indeed, an expressed belief that Japanese listeners could not get enough of Western music was the usual reaction when I told acquaintances that I was studying the Japanese pop music market. This belief is perpetuated by music magazines, which regularly print stories detailing bizarre acts of devotion by Japanese fans.

Formation of Thioamide Derivatives from Reactions of Isothiocyanates with Oxazol-2-amines

4-Substituted oxazol-2-amines react with isothiocyanates to give products having a thioamide function at C5. The reaction is considered to be an electrophilic process in competition with the usual reaction of the amino group with the isothiocyanate . The nature of the isothiocyanate and the type of substituent at C4 affect the amount of the thioamide product formed. Some chemical properties of the thioamides are also investigated.

Die Excimerenkinetik des 3,4-Benzo[a]pyrens / Excimer Formation Kinetics of 3,4 Benzo[a]pyrene

The photophysical and kinetic constants are completely determined by photostationary and time-dependent fluorescence measurements. Deviations from the usual reaction scheme at higher concen-trations are caused by a quenching process of the excimer by the unexcited monomer. This diabatic process which is not observed with pyrene and naphthalene takes place in spite of the short excimer lifetime. A possible correlation between internal conversion and diabatic reactivity is discussed.