OBSERVABILITY OF BAOUENDI–GRUSHIN-TYPE EQUATIONS THROUGH RESOLVENT ESTIMATES

In this article, we study the observability (or equivalently, the controllability) of some subelliptic evolution equations depending on their step. This sheds light on the speed of propagation of these equations, notably in the ‘degenerated directions’ of the subelliptic structure. First, for any $\gamma \geq 1$ , we establish a resolvent estimate for the Baouendi–Grushin-type operator $\Delta _{\gamma }=\partial _x^2+\left \lvert x\right \rvert ^{2\gamma }\partial _y^2$ , which has step $\gamma +1$ . We then derive consequences for the observability of the Schrödinger-type equation $i\partial _tu-\left (-\Delta _{\gamma }\right )^{s}u=0$ , where $s\in \mathbb N$ . We identify three different cases: depending on the value of the ratio $(\gamma +1)/s$ , observability may hold in arbitrarily small time or only for sufficiently large times or may even fail for any time. As a corollary of our resolvent estimate, we also obtain observability for heat-type equations $\partial _tu+\left (-\Delta _{\gamma }\right )^su=0$ and establish a decay rate for the damped wave equation associated with $\Delta _{\gamma }$ .

Linearization of the finite element method for gradient flows by Newton’s method

The implicit Euler scheme for nonlinear partial differential equations of gradient flows is linearized by Newton’s method, discretized in space by the finite element method. With two Newton iterations at each time level, almost optimal order convergence of the numerical solutions is established in both the $L^q(\varOmega )$ and $W^{1,q}(\varOmega )$ norms. The proof is based on techniques utilizing the resolvent estimate of elliptic operators on $L^q(\varOmega )$ and the maximal $L^p$-regularity of fully discrete finite element solutions on $W^{-1,q}(\varOmega )$.

Positive Semigroups Using Resolvent Estimate Bounds on Sharp Growth Rates

In this paper, we study growth rates for strongly continuous semigroups. We fixate that a growth rate for the resolvent estimate on imaginary lines implies a corresponding growth rate for the semigroup if either the underlying space is a Hilbert space, or the semigroup is asymptotically analytic, or if the semigroupis positive and the underlying space is an -space or a space of continuous functions. Also proved variations of the main results on fractional domains; these are valid on more general Banach spaces by Jan Rozendaal and Mark Veraar. In the second part apply the main theorem to prove optimality in a classical example of a perturbed wave equation which shows unusual sequence of spectral behavior.

(Lr,Ls) Resolvent estimate for the sphere off the line 1 r −1 s = 2 n

We extend the resolvent estimate on the sphere to exponents off the line [Formula: see text]. Since the condition [Formula: see text] on the exponents is necessary for a uniform bound, one cannot expect estimates off this line to be uniform still. The essential ingredient in our proof is an [Formula: see text] norm estimate on the operator [Formula: see text] that projects onto the space of spherical harmonics of degree [Formula: see text]. In showing this estimate, we apply an interpolation technique first introduced by Bourgain [J. Bourgain, Estimations de certaines fonctions maximales, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 301(10) (1985) 499–502.]. The rest of our proof parallels that in Huang–Sogge [S. Huang and C. D. Sogge, Concerning [Formula: see text] resolvent estimates for simply connected manifolds of constant curvature, J. Funct. Anal. 267(12) (2014) 4635–4666].

CONTROLLABILITY OF NON-DENSELY DEFINED ABSTRACT MIXED VOLTERRA–FREDHOLM NEUTRAL FUNCTIONAL INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper we establish the controllability result for class of mixed Volterra–Fredholm neutral functional integrodifferential equations in Banach spaces where the linear part is non-densely defined and satisfies the resolvent estimate of the Hille–Yosida condition. The results are obtained using the integrated semigroup theory and the Sadovskii's fixed point theorem.