ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA DEL EXTRACTO ETANOLICO DE LOS TALLOS DE Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob ``Zun Zun´´

ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA DEL EXTRACTO ETANOLICO DE LOS TALLOS DE Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob ``Zun Zun´´ Narciso León S, Luis Felix V, Juana Chávez F, Paola Quispe F Docentes y alumna de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Wiener. Av. Arequipa 440 – Lima DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0054/ Resumen La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con el objeto de determinar científicamente la propiedad antiinflamatoria atribuida popularmente a la planta Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob ``Zun Zun´´, utilizada para afecciones que implican procesos inflamatorios. Se evaluó la actividad antiinflamatoria mediante el Método del edema subplantar según Winter et. al. El método consiste en provocar una reacción inflamatoria en la pata posterior izquierda de los animales de experimentación, que puede ser reducida por las sustancias antiinflamatorias. Se utilizaron 18 ratones albinos (hembras y machos) cepa Balb C53 distribuidos en 6 grupos: control (sin tratamiento) ,3 grupos con extracto etanólico de tallos a dosis de 50 mg / Kg, 100 mg / Kg, 200 mg / Kg; 1 grupo con extracto etanólico de tallos hidrolizado a dosis de 160 mg/Kg y 1 grupo con indometacina en dosis de 10 mg/Kg. La aplicación de todos los tratamientos fue por vía oral. Los resultados farmacológicos indican que el tratamiento con extracto etanólico de los tallos de Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob “Zun Zun”, a dosis de 200 mg/Kg es el que tiene mayor efectividad antiinflamatoria. Se realizó el análisis fitoquímico de los tallos de la planta, la cual reveló la presencia de azúcares, flavonoides, alcaloides, esteroides, cumarinas, taninos y aminoácidos. Palabras claves: Ageratina sternbergiana, actividad antiinflamatoria, método del edema subplantar, análisis fitoquímico. Abstract This research was conducted for determine scientifically the anti-inflammatory property attributed popularly to the plant Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) RM King & H. Rob ``Zun Zun´´, used for inflammation. The Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by subplantar edema method according to Winter et . al. The method consist to cause inflammation in the left hind paw of the experimental animals, which can be reduced by the anti-inflammatory substances. We used 18 albino mice (male and female) strain Balb C53 in 6 groups: control (no treatment), 3 groups with ethanol extract of stems at doses of 50 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg, 200 mg / kg and 1 group hydrolyzed ethanol extract of stems at doses of 160 mg / kg and 1 group with indomethacin in doses of 10 mg / kg. The application of all treatments were oral. The pharmacological results indicate that treatment with ethanol extract of the stems of Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) RM King & H. Rob ``Zun Zun´´, at doses of 200 mg / kg is the one most effective anti-inflammatory. Phytochemical analysis was performed of the stems of the plant, which revealed the presence of sugars, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, coumarins, tannins and amino acids. Keywords: Ageratina sternbergiana, inflammatory activity, subplantar edema method, phytochemical analysis, flavonoids.

Cartilage Degeneration, Subchondral Mineral and Meniscal Mineral Densities in Hartley and Strain 13 Guinea Pigs

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease involved in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus and synovial membrane. This study sought to examine cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) and meniscal mineral density (MD) in male Hartley, female Hartley and female strain 13 guinea pigs to determine the association of cartilage degeneration with subchondral BMD and meniscal MD. Cartilage degeneration, subchondral BMD and meniscal MD in 12 months old guinea pigs were examined with histochemistry, X-ray densitometry and calcium analysis. We found that male Hartley guinea pigs had more severe cartilage degeneration, subchondral BMD and meniscal MD than female Hartley guinea pigs, but not female strain 13 guinea pigs. Female strain 13 guinea pigs had more severe cartilage degeneration and higher subchondral BMD, but not meniscal MD, than female Hartley guinea pigs. These findings indicate that higher subchondral BMD, not meniscal MD, is associated with more severe cartilage degeneration in the guinea pigs and suggest that abnormal subchondral BMD may be a therapeutic target for OA treatment. These findings also indicate that the pathogenesis of OA in the male guinea pigs and female guinea pigs are different. Female strain 13 guinea pig may be used to study female gender-specific pathogenesis of OA.

Observations on the fine structure of Oedogonium. VI. The striated component of the compound flagellar "roots" of O. cardiacum

The striated, inner component of the compound flagellar "roots" of zoospores and spermatozoids of Oedogonium cardiacum has been studied ultrastructurally after three methods of preparation. The roots constitute an element of the ring-shaped flagellar apparatus, with the roots and basal bodies alternating in equal numbers. Each root consists of two components radially superposed; the outer component is ribbon-like and formed of three parallel microtubular elements, while the inner component is rod-like (tapering at each extremity) and demonstrates a very regular pattern of cross-striation. Although the striated pattern in sectioned roots differed somewhat from the pattern obtained with negatively stained roots, the major periodicity in both instances averaged about 305–325 Å. This contrasts to a periodicity of 150 Å which was reported earlier. The pattern of cross-striation appears the same for roots of both spermatozoids and zoospores when any one method of preparing the material is considered separately. Furthermore, no distinctions were observed in zoospore roots obtained from a haploid male strain, a haploid female strain, and a diploid female strain. The striated root component of Oedogonium may provide mechanical support for the flagellar apparatus, thereby serving as a means for distributing throughout the motile cell the stresses generated by flagellar action. A possible contractile function cannot be excluded.

Genetic effects of acridines onPseudomonas aeruginosa

Mutants ofPseudomonas aeruginosamale strains with altered mating properties have been obtained through treatment with nitrogen half mustards. The response varied with the type of male strain. A mutant of the infectious male PTO 13 was obtained which acts as a female strain and has apparently lost the FP sex factor. A mutant of the non-infectious strain 2 male mates not only with strain 1 females, but shows a thousand-fold increase in its ability to mate with strain 2 males, when it can act as either donor or recipient in conjugation. Derivatives of strain 1 males were obtained which had reduced recombinant forming ability.While acriflavine is ineffective in producing such mutants, and has not been shown to cure male strains of their sex factor inP. aeruginosa, it is very effective in inhibiting infectious transfer of FP from FP+to FP−strains. Furthermore, it markedly inhibits recombinant formation in 1 FP−× 1 FP+crosses, and this latter effect is thought to be due to the inhibition of chromosome transfer by the male parent. In view of the almost complete lack of effect of AF on the normal growth ofP. aeruginosait is likely that the control of chromosome replication during vegetative cell division is different from the occurring during conjugation and that the FP factor is involved in this control during conjugation.

Some observations on zoosporogenesis in the female strain of Oedogonium cardiacum

Developmental cytological events in zoosporogenesis in Oedogonium have been studied in material stained with dilute solutions of acridine orange. Induction leads to isolation of successive protoplasts within the filament. Profound intracellular changes leading to zoospore formation are described and are considered to be the result of cellular isolation. Events during zoosporogenesis are briefly compared to those in oogenesis.