3-D printed CDRA for radiation beam reconfigurability and beamforming in C-band

In this article, the design of a radiation beam-reconfigurable antenna using the reflector pins is presented. The reflector pins make a short or open connection with the ground, via switches and Plated Through Hole (PTH), which helps in controlling radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna. This design contains a simple 3D printed Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna that is located at the center of the substrate. The beam-sweeping of the antenna is attained by operating switches in different combinations of ON and OFF states. The reconfigurable CDRA operates at 4.5 GHz and covers all azimuth angles in four steps with a maximum measured gain of 6.6 dBi. This beam-switching antenna is very advantageous because of its trait of eliminating fade zones and beamforming.

"Success of Online Marketing rely on improving Public Relations"– A Review of Literature

Web-based Marketing made our everyday life simple by giving bottomless insights about proposed materials to be purchased for our day to day necessities. It fulfils our expectation to purchase materials and satisfy our present needs. It gives propitious information to customers because of minute correspondence, and its availability 24x7. Web-based Marketing is developing as an awesome level given that sorted out retail is as yet not universal over the length and broadness of the nation with vast retail ties making up under 10% of the market. Internet Marketing is helping individuals in little towns in India get to quality items and administrations like what individuals in the bigger urban communities’ approach. It is being estimated that near 60% of online customers would originate from past the main eight huge urban communities. After the entrance of JIO web supplier, rivalry turned out to be more heightened and now clients can get to a tremendous measure of information in moderate cost. This expansion in web entrance has extended the potential client pool and for the most part among Gen Ys. In addition, their simple winning limit offered an opportunity to purchase their everyday prerequisites all alone mould and satisfy their fantasies. The way of life of surfing web to know the execution of their required item makes them purchase items through on the web. Web shopping has its own particular favourable circumstances and it decreases the exertion of heading out to a physical store. Choices can be produced using home calm taking a gander at different decisions and costs can be effortlessly contrasted with the contender's items with touch base at a choice. Also, they feel exceptionally helpful to shop online since it liberates them from expressly going by the store and used their valuable time to some different employments. It is the obligation of the advertisers to give fundamental item data to these surfers and have balanced contact to build an open connection with them and lift their business transformation proportion.

Fault Identification by Use of a Simulated Passive Voltage Contrast Reference CAD Display

Passive voltage contrast (PVC) is a phenomenon seen while inspecting a semiconductor device where imaged circuit features have a different value of contrast depending on whether that feature has an electrical path to ground, another circuit element, or has an open connection. A common method of fault isolation during failure analysis is to use these contrast values to determine if a feature is incorrectly connected indicating a defect is present. This paper discusses a fault identification method by creating a simulated PVC reference that can be displayed next to the scanning electron microscope PVC image for a comparison of the expected PVC. The procedure of how to create the PVC reference is discussed using functions found in tools typically used to run a Design Rules Check in commonly available software. Three examples are given of how this methodology could be used to provide further analysis capabilities during fault isolation.

Early endocytosis pathways in SSN-1 cells infected by dragon grouper nervous necrosis virus

Many fish undergo betanodavirus infection. To study the infection process of dragon grouper nervous necrosis virus (DGNNV), native virus and virus-like particles (VLPs) were used to analyse the binding and internalization in SSN-1 cells. The binding of DGNNV and VLPs to SSN-1 cells was demonstrated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. As estimated by indirect ELISA, the DGNNV particles bound SSN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner up to 8×104 particles per cell. The binding of VLPs was sensitive to neuraminidase and tunicamycin, suggesting that cell-surface sialic acid is involved in binding. The penetration of DGNNV into cells, which was monitored by electron microscopy, appeared to occur mainly via the spherical pit and membrane ruffling pathways. Occasionally, a spherical pit was engulfed by membrane ruffling so as to form a large figure-of-eight-shaped vesicle with an open connection. Our observations suggest that DGNNV utilizes both micro- and macropinocytosis pathways to enter SSN-1 cells.

Correlation of sea-level curves for the Lower Silurian of the Bruce Peninsula and Lake Timiskaming District (Ontario)

Paleobathymetric interpretation of strata from the Bruce Peninsula and Lake Timiskaming District of Ontario shows strong correlations with data from the Michigan Upper Peninsula and Ontario's Manitoulin Island. Three to four cycles of fluctuating sea level occurred during Early Silurian (Llandoverian) time throughout much of the northern Great Lakes area, and involved the highly regular replacement of ostracode–vermiform, coral–algal, and pentamerid communities by one another. Although exposure is more limited than on Manitoulin Island or the Michigan Upper Peninsula, important clues regarding Early Silurian geography are found in strata of the Bruce Peninsula and Lake Timiskaming District. Continued thinning of stratigraphic units and an increased incidence of disconformities from north to south on the Bruce Peninsula suggest the episodic rise of the Algonquin Arch farther to the south and west. Contrary to earlier paleogeographic reconstructions, the patterns of community changeovers preserved in the Silurian outlier of the Lake Timiskaming District indicate a persistent, open connection between the seas of the northern Great Lakes area and the Hudson Bay Lowlands. This interpretation is more in keeping with recent paleontologic work on faunal distributions.