Factor Structure of Heim's AH4

An intercorrelation matrix for the AH4 Group Test of General Intelligence was factor analyzed for a stratified random sample ( N = 2921). Two factors emerged, Verbal Comprehension and Visualization of Spatioperceptuai Organization.

Machiavellian, Bureaucratic, and Transformational Leadership Styles in Police Managers: Preliminary Findings of Interpersonal Ethics

A factor analysis of an intercorrelation matrix for scores assigned by 197 police managers to 26 statements describing ethical ways of influencing people on the job produced three leadership factors. In increasing strength of endorsement these were Machiavellian, Bureaucratic, and Transformational Styles. Use of a Machiavellian Style remained the same across age groups of 28 to 55 years, while the Bureaucratic and Transformational Styles increased in use across age and years of job experience. A multiple regression indicated age of the manager to account for significant variance only in the Transformational Style. Duties influenced which style managers used. The Machiavellian style was the most often and the Transformational style the least often used of interpersonal influence methods by managers involved in administration. The opposite was found for managers involved in training and in directing community-oriented police activities. Findings support the idea that subscribing to the Transformational Style follows a developmental view about interpersonal ethics but also that the use of specific influence methods depends on the opportunities created by one's work.

Principal Components Analysis of the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale for a Black Sample

Principal components analysis of an intercorrelation matrix for the Physical Self-efficacy Scale in an all black sample of 320 mostly confirmed the original validation study of Ryckman, Robbins, Thornton, and Cantrell who used a wholly white sample; however, the analysis identified items with factor loadings at criterion on more than one factor, one item that loaded on a different subscale, and additional factors. It is unknown whether differences in this sample are attributable to race or other influences. Further investigation is suggested.

Correlates of Portuguese College Students' Shyness and Sociability

This study investigated the relationship between shyness and sociability among 194 Portuguese college students. A factor analysis of the intercorrelation matrix of shyness and sociability items gave two distinct factors indicating that shyness and sociability are distinct personality dispositions. Shyness scores showed only a moderate negative correlation with sociability. Further, the measures of shyness and sociability had different patterns of correlations with other personality scales. The Portuguese translation of shyness and sociability scales seems sufficiently reliable and valid to warrant further use with Portuguese individuals.

ON PENALTIES IN SPORT AS MEASURES OF AGGRESSION

A principal components analysis of the intercorrelation matrix of minutes assessed for 19 aggressive penalties awarded in all games played in the 1983–84 season (N= 505) of the Western Hockey League is reported as an attempted replication of a similar analysis for the 1978–79 season reported by Russell & Russell (1984). Beyond superficial similarities between the two solutions, only the component of fighting was found to be in common.

A Possibly Interesting Intercorrelation Matrix to Accompany a Varimax Solution

The intercorrelation matrix of Horn's general factor score approximation procedure applied to varimax factors is suggested as of possible interest for factor-analytic interpretation.

THE DYNAMICS OF JURY DECISION-MAKING: A CASE STUDY

The legal profession is replete with assertions about the relationships of social, economic, and psychological characteristics to jury verdicts. The purpose of this research was to identify and test some of these concepts. A survey of jurors serving on criminal cases was conducted which incorporated pertinent socio-economic, demographic, psychological and experiential factors. An intercorrelation matrix and a linear step-wise regression model were employed to identify those variables which showed a statistically significant relationship to a trial vote of guilty. None of the notions of attorneys regarding socio-economic characteristics had a significant relationship to jury verdicts; however, items concerning authoritarianism, religious ideology, and prior experience with courts did correlate with jury behavior.

The Structure of Spatial Ability Items: A Faceted Analysis

800 individuals were given a battery of 8 spatial tests which had been assembled with the aid of a mapping sentence of four content facets: rule type, dimensionality, presence or absence of rotation, and test format. An intercorrelation matrix of 49 items from these tests was analyzed by Smallest Space Analysis, SSA-I. All three facets formed distinct regions in a two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional space. It is suggested that further facets be hypothesized to elaborate on the structure of spatial abilities.