Moral Organisation: Dream Or Reality

In the area of the financial services, the contracts are not between equal signatories to a treaty. On one side there is a professional financial institution while on the other side there is a client with lack of information and weak ability to enforce interest. The high school student age group is in a rather exposed situation because they have to make very serious financial decisions. As far as Hungary concerned, a negative social mood towards banks is accompanied by poor financial literacy, and therefore, financial institutions have a lot to do in order to gain confidence in the young generation. However, in the long term, a financial institution can only achieve market success if it can integrate moral viewpoints into its corporate policy.

AHMED DEEDAT'S THEOLOGY OF RELIGION: APOLOGETICS THROUGH POLEMICS

Within Africa, as well as outside the continent, the writings and videocassettes of Ahmed Deedat have been, and still are, most influential. In this article, Deedat's great interest in religious polemics, especially against Christianity, has been interpreted primarily as an apologetical endeavour influenced largely by the marginal and exposed situation of the small minority of Muslims in the strongly Christiandominated South Africa. Deedat's main task was to provide Muslims with theological tools for defending themselves against the intense missionary strivings of many Christian denominations. He spoke and wrote for the Muslim masses rather than for learned scholars, and the fact that he used English instead of Arabic or some other 'Muslim' language further increased the availability of his writings among, for instance, Muslim minorities in Europe and North America.

A Rock Pool Lichen Community in Northern Transvaal, South Africa: Composition and Distribution Patterns

The distribution patterns of lichens belonging to the family Peltulaceae and procaryotic algae (cyanobacteria) were studied in a rock pool on a sandstone koppie (‘Inselberg’). situated in the mopane savanna of the northern Transvaal. The co-dominant lichen species along the wall of the pool were: Peltula clavata (Krempelh.) Wetmore, P. euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pisut, P. obscurans (Nyl.) Gyelnik, and P. placodizans (Zahlbr.) Wetmore. The cyanobacteria Gloeocapsa sanguinea (Ag.) Kütz. emend. Jaag, Plectonema tomasinianum Gom. ex Gom., Rivularia sp., Scytonema sp. and Tolypothrix sp. grew epilithically between the lichen thalli. Unicellular species of the genus Chroococcidiopsis Geitler or Myxosarcina Printz occurred cryptoendolithically. The distribution patterns of several lichen species are presented and statistical tests reveal distinct correlations of the habitats of some species with light levels and water supply; e.g. the olive-green P. placodizans preferred the fully exposed situation near and along the rim of the rock pool; the black species P. clavata was restricted to areas next to the water level.

The Biology of Balanus balanoides. IV. Relation to Environmental Factors

1. Vertical traverses down the shore were worked at four localities in the Isle of Man, with varying degrees of wave-exposure, for which factor a coefficient is given.2. The upper limit of distribution is high water neaps in a sheltered place, and up to high water of extreme spring tides at greater waveexposure. The lower limit similarly drops with increasing exposure.3. Barnacles are largest and most abundant in a wave-exposed locality. The effect of wave-exposure may be reproduced by a current.4. In sheltered localities the optimum level for growth, mean size, etc., is at low water for newly settled barnacles, but moves progressively up to high water as they grow older. In a very exposed situation, however, the optimum is always at low water.5. In an exposed situation the gonads mature in their first year below about half-tide level, and in their second year above this level. With decreased wave-exposure the age of maturation rises, especially at high water until in a very sheltered place few barnacles mature at all.