Approximation in Quantum Quadrupole at Juergen Model for Nuclear Reactor Control Rod Blade Based on \ce {Th_xDUO2} Nano Materials

The functional of a multi purpose research nuclear reactor control rod blade nuclear reactor is stabilized and controlling devices for nuclear chain reactions, the existing of Cerenkov's radiation impact and thermal neutron flux in reactor chamber. This research was conducted in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) - Muon Hadron Division at CERN, Lyon - France under International Research between Canadian Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) - Nuclear Reactor and Betha Group Section for sub-particles for nanomaterial. Using Juergen Model with quantum states approaching and testing by Muon-Hadron Stirrer equipment had determined the \ce {Th_xDUO2} derivatives materials. This material shown the strength of thermal neutron flux absorbed about 2.56 × 10⁵ − 1.94 × 10⁶ Ci/mm, the value of Electrical Conductivity is 26.62 − 29.98 in 800° - 890° C temperature, however at 2.1 × 10⁵ Ci/mm thermal neutron flux condition is 29.44 − 37.88 in IAEA standard. At 450 tesla magnetic field and 2.1 × 10⁵ Ci/mm thermal neutron absorber, the crystalline structure reduction is 6.88% until 10.95% for 25 years period in 45.7 megawatts with \ce {UO2} more enrichment and \ce {Pu2O} also \ce {Th2O_y} nuclear fuel element matrix.

Ionizing/Displacement Synergistic Effects in Bipolar Operational Amplifiers Induced by Mixed Reactor Neutron and Gamma Irradiation

The bipolar operational amplifier is an important kind of electronic device used in the nuclear reactor control system and its radiation damage threatens the reliability of nuclear operation. In order to explore the degradation of the bipolar operational amplifier induced by reactor neutron and gamma irradiation, radiation experiments were accomplished on particular bipolar operational amplifiers OP07 manufactured by Texas Instruments and Analog Devices. The amplifiers were irradiated in three different environments respectively: individual neutrons, individual gamma rays and mixed irradiation of reactor neutrons and gamma rays simultaneously. The results indicate that for both types of bipolar operational amplifiers, the degradations of the input bias current and the input offset voltage induced by the mixed irradiation of reactor neutrons and gamma rays simultaneously are notably more severe than the simple sum of neutron and gamma degradations measured individually. The mixed irradiation of reactor neutron and gamma rays simultaneously leads to degradation enhancement compared to individual ones and induce ionizing/displacement synergistic effects in the amplifiers. Enough attention should be paid to the degradation enhancement induced by the mixed irradiation for devices may exhibit unexpected failure during reactor operation and accelerate the aging of the nuclear reactor control system.

Reduced Basis Approaches in Time-Dependent Non-Coercive Settings for Modelling the Movement of Nuclear Reactor Control Rods

In this work, two approaches, based on the certified Reduced Basis method, have been developed for simulating the movement of nuclear reactor control rods, in time-dependent non-coercive settings featuring a 3D geometrical framework. In particular, in a first approach, a piece-wise affine transformation based on subdomains division has been implemented for modelling the movement of one control rod. In the second approach, a “staircase” strategy has been adopted for simulating the movement of all the three rods featured by the nuclear reactor chosen as case study. The neutron kinetics has been modelled according to the so-called multi-group neutron diffusion, which, in the present case, is a set of ten coupled parametrized parabolic equations (two energy groups for the neutron flux, and eight for the precursors). Both the reduced order models, developed according to the two approaches, provided a very good accuracy compared with high-fidelity results, assumed as “truth” solutions. At the same time, the computational speed-up in the Online phase, with respect to the fine “truth” finite element discretization, achievable by both the proposed approaches is at least of three orders of magnitude, allowing a real-time simulation of the rod movement and control.

A Reduced Basis Approach for Modeling the Movement of Nuclear Reactor Control Rods

This work presents a reduced order model (ROM) aimed at simulating nuclear reactor control rods movement and featuring fast-running prediction of reactivity and neutron flux distribution as well. In particular, the reduced basis (RB) method (built upon a high-fidelity finite element (FE) approximation) has been employed. The neutronics has been modeled according to a parametrized stationary version of the multigroup neutron diffusion equation, which can be formulated as a generalized eigenvalue problem. Within the RB framework, the centroidal Voronoi tessellation is employed as a sampling technique due to the possibility of a hierarchical parameter space exploration, without relying on a “classical” a posteriori error estimation, and saving an important amount of computational time in the offline phase. Here, the proposed ROM is capable of correctly predicting, with respect to the high-fidelity FE approximation, both the reactivity and neutron flux shape. In this way, a computational speedup of at least three orders of magnitude is achieved. If a higher precision is required, the number of employed basis functions (BFs) must be increased.