Difference in Therapeutic Effects between Roxadustat and Daprodustat, HIF-Ph Inhibitors, Depending on the Blood Type in Hemodialysis (HD) Patients

Human blood group antigens are glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed on the surface of red blood cells and a variety of human tissues. This study aimed to determine if there is an association between ABO blood type and the efficacy of HIF-PH inhibitors. Roxadustat and daprodustat are potent inhibitors of HIF-PH and capable of stimulating erythropoiesis in patients on patients with impaired renal function. These two compounds are reported to act mechanistically similar but display differences in their effects on cells, and the differences may affect their efficacy in the treatment of renal anemia in HD patients. In this study we compared the response rate by blood type between roxadustat and daprodustat, respectively. Sixty-eight HD patients treated with roxadustat (20-100mg, 3/week) and ninety-five treated with daprodustat (1-12mg, daily) were recruited in our observational study. We defined >1.5g/dL increase in hemoglobin as effective, and <1.5g/dL decrease as ineffective. As shown in the figure, type A had a significantly high response rate at 47% in HD patients treated with roxadustat. On the other hand, type O had a significantly high response rate at 55% in those who were treated with daprodustat. We found the association in the effectiveness of roxadustat on the treatment for anemia in HD patients in type A, while the effectiveness was higher in type O treated with daprodustat. The results suggest that the therapeutic effect of HIF-PH inhibitors may differ depending on the blood type. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Translating narrative style

Within the context of the Thinking-for-translating framework, this paper analyses the translation of boundary-crossing events including Manner from English into German (both satellite-framed languages) and Catalan and Spanish (both verb-framed languages) to investigate whether student translators transfer these specific types of motion event or otherwise omit (or modulate) some information. Three groups of student translators (having respectively German, Catalan and Spanish as their mother tongues) were asked to translate a series of excerpts from English narrative texts into their respective first languages. The resulting data suggest that the way student translators deal with the translation of these events is influenced by their mother tongues and the nature of the event itself (axis, suddenness, type of Figure, type of Path, type of Manner). It is also noted that German students’ translations are much more similar to the published versions than the Catalan and Spanish ones, and that Catalan and Spanish-speaking students tend to omit boundary-crossing.

Growth performance and wood structure of wavy grain sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in a progeny trial

• Key message Wavy grain, a rare figure type of wood, leads to highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. The influence of this trait on growth performance and its causes are not known. Analyzed wavy and straight grain sycamore maple progenies show comparable growth performance in a field trial. Stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation is confirmed and genetic inheritance indicated. • Context Wavy grain is a rare figure type of wood resulting from undulating fiber growth that leads to a decorative and highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. with top positions on auction sales. Nevertheless, neither the influence of this trait on growth performance is known, nor have the causes been disentangled. • Aims Our objectives were to find out if wavy grain figure influences growth parameters essential for log quality and to gain insight into the causes of wavy grain by the analysis of a progeny trial and a seed orchard. • Methods In a progeny trial with 30-year-old F-1-offspring from selected wavy grained and straight grained trees, trunk diameter, tree height, and trunk shape were evaluated. Additionally, 21 trees of the trial and selected plus tree-grafts of a seed orchard were felled and analyzed for occurrence and intensity of wavy grain structure. • Results No effect of the wavy and straight grain parentage on growth was observed in the progeny trial. Of the felled trees, over 30% showed evidence of wavy grain compared to rare occurrence in natural stands. Wood structure analysis of plus tree scions confirmed the stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation. • Conclusion Wavy grain seems to be genetically inherited, and there seems to be no statistically significant difference in commercially relevant traits in the progeny. This highlights the value of including wavy grain as a desired attribute in breeding systems of maple.

Naturalism and Contrapposto in the Ceramics of Ancient Ecuador

In chapter 3, James Framer investigates a pattern of artistic evolution in depictions of the human figure in a series of figurative ceramic styles originating in ancient coastal Ecuador. Between c.3000 BCE and c.500 CE, a chronological sequence of five distinct but connected ceramic styles emerged in the region: Valdivia, Machalilla, Chorrera, Jamacoaque, and La Tolita. Close scrutiny of changes in the rendering the human figure in this sequence reflect aesthetic and philosophical changes in the intent of both patrons and artists. Comparisons are noted between ancient Ecuadorian and certain other ancient American figurative ceramics and the development of the Classic human figure type in Greek art. This essay argues that certain specific artistic techniques and conventions employed in Classic Greek art, and by which the Classic tradition has long been defined, were also being developed independently by ancient American ceramicists. Contrapposto, high naturalism, canonical proportion and ratios, and highly animated postures and gestures, all seem to have also been developed and applied in the ancient Americas, perhaps reflecting the emergence of a distinct form of ancient American humanistic philosophy, separate but parallel to the more famous Classical tradition from the Old World.