Genetic parameters of a progeny trial of Pinus greggii Engelmann ex Parlatore var. australis Donahue & López in the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca, Mexico

Introduction: The Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca has high environmental degradation. Several species have been planted to recover vegetation cover; Pinus greggii Engelmann ex Parlatore var. australis Donahue & López has grown successfully even without selected material.Objective: To determine growth performance and genetic parameters of 90 families at early ages, for use in the selection of superior trees.Materials and methods: In San Miguel Achiutla, Oaxaca, genetic variation in growth, conformation and straightness of 90 selected open-pollinated families of P. greggii var. australiswas evaluated in a progeny trial five years after planting in two different quality sites. Additive genetic variation, heritability (h2) and genetic and phenotypic correlations were calculated.Results and discussion: h2 were superior in the more fertile site. Height, whorls, straightness and volume had greater genetic control (0.09 < h2i < 0.18). h2i of stem straightness was higher when evaluated as a whole than when divided into three sections. Genetic correlations were high and positive among growth variables (rg > 0.81; diameter vs. volume = 0.99) and low to moderate for the rest. Volume had a higher genetic correlation with other traits and higher genetic variation and heritability, so it could be used as a selection criterion for breeding cycle. Some genetic correlations differed contrastingly between sites in equal pairs of variables.Conclusion: Differences between families and heritability will allow the identification of superior individuals for germplasm sources for regional use.

Short communication: Variations in leaf morphological characters of Shorea leprosula in progeny trial stand of a logging concession in Kalimantan, Indonesia

Indonesia has the highest distribution of Dipterocarpaceae members, and Shorea leprosula is one of the species that has a natural hybrid in its habitat. Furthermore, the members have intermediate morphological character with the neighboring species, Shorea curtisii. This study aimed to investigate the morphological variations of Shorea leprosula Miq. Progeny trial in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma. The morphological level of 72 Shorea leprosula in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma was identified through sampling. Furthermore, macroscopic and microscopic observations were conducted, and the measurement data were analyzed using cluster and principal component analyses to explain the morphological variable contribution. The results showed leaf architecture variations in laminar shape, apex shape, base shape, and midrib thickness category. The cluster analyses classified the samples into four cluster groups and they consist of a notophyll leaf size category with a rounded base. Meanwhile, the second group consists of an ellipse laminar shape with medium midrib thickness, and the third has an oblong laminar with an obtuse apex shape. The fourth group has a notophyll leaf size category with an obtuse base. The principal component analysis showed that the base shape has the highest contribution to diversity in the samples.

Phenotypic and genotypic data of a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) progeny trial issued from three plots along an elevation gradient in Mont Ventoux, South-Eastern France

Key Message We provide phenotypic and genotypic data for a progeny trial of 5813 European beech seedlings, originating from 60 open-pollinated families collected at three altitudes (1020 m; 1140 m, 1340 m) on Mont Ventoux (44° 11′ N; 17° 5′ E).

PERBANYAKAN VEGETATIF TUSAM (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese) DENGAN TEKNIK CANGKOK

Pinus merkusii is a main species for produce pine resin in Indonesia. Clone of Pinus merkusii on progeny trial establishing by Perhutani has identified can produce high yielderresin up to 100 gr/tree/3 days. Clonal forestry needs applied propagation method that easy dan economically on operational level. One of propagation method selected was by air layering. This research work were to obtained genetic materials and to get information number of live percent of seedling from air layering from high yielder resin Pinus merkusii subline when the mother trees reach 12 years old. The research was conducted in Perum Perhutani KPH Banyumas Barat, RPH Samudra on year 2020 with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result of this research showed that rooting ability on Pinus merkusii 12 years old mother trees have signifiant differences between subline. Rooting ability of seedling generated by air layering method were 29% (subline SG2), 24% (subline JB2), 18% (subline SL2) and 11% (subline SM2) with an average of 18% and heritability of rooting ability by air layering was 0,44.

Growth performance and wood structure of wavy grain sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in a progeny trial

• Key message Wavy grain, a rare figure type of wood, leads to highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. The influence of this trait on growth performance and its causes are not known. Analyzed wavy and straight grain sycamore maple progenies show comparable growth performance in a field trial. Stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation is confirmed and genetic inheritance indicated. • Context Wavy grain is a rare figure type of wood resulting from undulating fiber growth that leads to a decorative and highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. with top positions on auction sales. Nevertheless, neither the influence of this trait on growth performance is known, nor have the causes been disentangled. • Aims Our objectives were to find out if wavy grain figure influences growth parameters essential for log quality and to gain insight into the causes of wavy grain by the analysis of a progeny trial and a seed orchard. • Methods In a progeny trial with 30-year-old F-1-offspring from selected wavy grained and straight grained trees, trunk diameter, tree height, and trunk shape were evaluated. Additionally, 21 trees of the trial and selected plus tree-grafts of a seed orchard were felled and analyzed for occurrence and intensity of wavy grain structure. • Results No effect of the wavy and straight grain parentage on growth was observed in the progeny trial. Of the felled trees, over 30% showed evidence of wavy grain compared to rare occurrence in natural stands. Wood structure analysis of plus tree scions confirmed the stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation. • Conclusion Wavy grain seems to be genetically inherited, and there seems to be no statistically significant difference in commercially relevant traits in the progeny. This highlights the value of including wavy grain as a desired attribute in breeding systems of maple.

Drought resistance and gum yield performances in a Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton progeny trial in Senegal

With continued global change as a result of land use changes, invasive species and changing climatic patterns, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the adaptability of Senegalia senegal provenances to maximize resilience in managed and natural populations of this species. The objective of this study is to investigate Senegalia senegal genotypic differences in water use efficiency (WUE) measured by stable 13C isotope composition in foliage according to their ploidy levels. Secondary objectives are to discuss inherent adaptive variation related to soil pH, survival, growth indexes, gum arabic yield and WUE within provenance in the climate change context. A Senegalia senegal progeny trial, in Dahra, Senegal was used in this study: 443 adult trees consisting of 60 families nested within 4 provenances were assessed in this study. Results showed significant differences in gum yield among provenances (P = 0.0002) and families (P < 0.0001). Diamenar and Ngane provenances showed overall similar annual gum yield despite a lower tree survival rate of Ngane than Diamenar. Growth traits, especially stem volume index and crown area index were larger on Ngane provenance, which also displayed significantly higher foliar WUE and lower leaf area index (LAI) than the other provenances. WUE was positively correlated with gum yield (P = 0.0302), but the coefficient of determination was only 2%. Foliar δ13C varied significantly (P < 0.0001) between diploids (− 27.91‰) and polyploids (− 27.12‰). However, within each provenance no significant difference was found. Only 15% of isotope compositions could be explained by ploidy level variation. Differences found in growth and gum yield may be attributed to genotype-specific variation. However, a significant correlation between soil pH and tree survival rate was found (P = 0.0051; r = 0.60). This study confirmed a possible improvement of the gum arabic sector through genotype based selection. Ngane and Diamenar seem to be more profitable to grow in Dahra than the other tested provenances. Future research should investigate the effect of soil pH, other soil physical and chemical properties, and management activities to improve site quality on tree survival and gum yields among provenances. Further, more research is needed to clarify inherent traits underlying drought tolerance in the field and gum yield performance.

Genetic variance distribution of SSR markers and economically important quantitative traits in a progeny trial of Prosopis chilensis (Leguminosae): implications for the ‘Algarrobo’ management programme

Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Leguminosae) is a valuable native species in Argentina included in the Prosopis Management Programme. Natural provenances show important height and shape differentiation throughout their distribution in the Monte Desert. The availability of progeny trials provides an opportunity to quantify genetic differentiation among provenances and test the relative importance of demographic vs adaptive processes on morphological variation. We quantified both genetic and quantitative differentiation of neutral markers and five economically important traits, respectively, among four provenances in a provenance-progeny trial. We aimed to quantify the genetic basis of variations in height, basal diameter, tree shape, spine length and biomass. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) economically important traits have significant heritability, and (2) the phenotypic variation among provenances is the result of local adaptation to particular environmental conditions. Our results indicate that most morphological variation was found among individuals within families (~95 per cent). The h2 estimates were heterogeneous among traits and ranged from low (0 for number of stems) to moderate (0.22 and 0.28 for spine length and biomass, respectively). Variance among families (~5 per cent) was evenly distributed within and among provenances. Morphological differentiation among provenances was low, but significant, and could be attributed mainly to individuals from Villa Unión. Based on molecular markers, genetic differentiation among provenances was low and significant (FST = 0.03; P = 5 × 10−4) but was able to differentiate the groups from Villa Unión, Fiambalá and Mogna-Chilecito. Neutrality tests were conducted using the FST–QST test and DJSOST and δGREGORIUS alternative coefficients of differentiation. Neutrality tests yielded no evidence of local adaptation and were rather consistent in showing a trend toward stabilizing selection, particularly for spine length. The selection strategy for breeding programmes should depend on the trait to be improved and should consider both provenance and familiar information. Considering an intra-familiar ranking is encouraged in order to maximize the genetic gain. Additionally, in order to recover germplasm provenance diversity, based on morphological and microsatellite results, our recommendation would be to include seeds from individuals from at least the Villa Unión, Fiambalá and Mogna-Chilecito areas.