scholarly journals Growth performance and wood structure of wavy grain sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in a progeny trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Quambusch ◽  
Cornelia Bäucker ◽  
Volker Haag ◽  
Andreas Meier-Dinkel ◽  
Heike Liesebach
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Sycamore Maple ◽  
Figure Type

Abstract • Key message Wavy grain, a rare figure type of wood, leads to highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. The influence of this trait on growth performance and its causes are not known. Analyzed wavy and straight grain sycamore maple progenies show comparable growth performance in a field trial. Stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation is confirmed and genetic inheritance indicated. • Context Wavy grain is a rare figure type of wood resulting from undulating fiber growth that leads to a decorative and highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. with top positions on auction sales. Nevertheless, neither the influence of this trait on growth performance is known, nor have the causes been disentangled. • Aims Our objectives were to find out if wavy grain figure influences growth parameters essential for log quality and to gain insight into the causes of wavy grain by the analysis of a progeny trial and a seed orchard. • Methods In a progeny trial with 30-year-old F-1-offspring from selected wavy grained and straight grained trees, trunk diameter, tree height, and trunk shape were evaluated. Additionally, 21 trees of the trial and selected plus tree-grafts of a seed orchard were felled and analyzed for occurrence and intensity of wavy grain structure. • Results No effect of the wavy and straight grain parentage on growth was observed in the progeny trial. Of the felled trees, over 30% showed evidence of wavy grain compared to rare occurrence in natural stands. Wood structure analysis of plus tree scions confirmed the stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation. • Conclusion Wavy grain seems to be genetically inherited, and there seems to be no statistically significant difference in commercially relevant traits in the progeny. This highlights the value of including wavy grain as a desired attribute in breeding systems of maple.

scholarly journals Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhav Pandey ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
Hans H. Hattemer ◽  
Reiner Finkeldey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Sycamore Maple

scholarly journals Eutypella parasitica and Other Frequently Isolated Fungi in Wood of Dead Branches of Young Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Slovenia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Brglez ◽  
Barbara Piškur ◽  
Nikica Ogris
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Sycamore Maple

Eutypella parasitica R.W. Davidson and R.C. Lorenz is the causative agent of Eutypella canker of maple, a destructive disease of maples in Europe and North America. The fungus E. parasitica infects the trunk through a branch stub or bark wound. Because the fungal community may have an impact on infection and colonization by E. parasitica, the composition of fungi colonizing wood of dead branches of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) was investigated in five sampling sites in Slovenia. Forty samples from each sampling site were collected between the November 2017 and March 2018 period. Isolations were made from the wood in the outer part of dead branches and from discoloured wood in the trunk that originated from a dead branch. Pure cultures were divided into morphotypes, and one representative culture per morphotype was selected for further molecular identification. From a total of 2700 cultured subsamples, 1744 fungal cultures were obtained, which were grouped into 212 morphotypes. The investigated samples were colonized by a broad spectrum of fungi. The most frequently isolated species were Eutypa maura (Fr.) Sacc., Eutypa sp. Tul. and C. Tul., Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., Neocucurbitaria acerina Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones and K.D. Hyde and E. parasitica. In this study, we distinguished species diversity and the fungal community. There were no significant differences in the diversity of fungal species between the five sampling sites, and branch thickness did not prove to be a statistically significant factor in fungal species diversity. Nevertheless, relatively low Jaccard similarity index values suggested possible differences in the fungal communities from different sampling sites. This was confirmed by an analysis of similarities, which showed that the isolated fungal community distinctly differed between the five sampling sites and between the different isolation sources. Eutypella parasitica was isolated from all five investigated sampling sites, although Eutypella cankers were observed in only three sampling sites, indicating the possibility of asymptomatic infection.

Five-Year Heights of Pitch Pine Progeny at Two New Jersey Plantations

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
John E. Kuser
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Plus Tree

Abstract Within-species selection was chosen as the method to improve pitch pine for a seed orchard to furnish seedlings for revegetation in southern New Jersey. In a progeny test of 68 families of open-pollinated plus tree seedlings at two plantation sites, after 5 growing seasons the top family among selected pitch pine progeny was as tall as the best pitch x loblolly check stock, and the best five pitch families were in the same range with another pitchlob and two loblolly families. Mean heights were slightly greater on a worked-out sandpit site than on an undisturbed sandy topsoil. North. J. Appl. For. 11(4):146-149.

Performance of plus tree progenies of Pinuscontorta originating north of latitude 55° N in a Swedish trial at 64° N

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Dag Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Sib Families

This paper deals with the results from a half-sib progeny trial of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) in Sweden at 64° N. The progenies originate from 69 open-pollinated plus trees selected from 13 areas in British Columbia and the Yukon. The trial was planted on previous agricultural land. At age 10 years, condition and height growth differed significantly between areas of origin and between half-sib families. Northern material was healthier and more vigorous and height growth did not vary clinally with latitude. Stepwise regression analysis with height growth showed that altitude of origin gave a maximum at 650 m and, above 800 m, there was a clear decrease in height growth with increasing altitude of origin. Frequency of extra whorls differed between half-sib families only and was positively correlated with height growth and negatively correlated with forking. Genetic gain by selecting the top 15 parent trees based on 10-year-old progeny trials was estimated to be 10% for volume.

Decline and physiological response to foliar-deposited salt in Norway spruce genotypes: a comparative analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kehlet Hansen ◽  
Henrik Saxe ◽  
Anders Ræbild ◽  
Christian Nørgård Neilsen ◽  
Jens Peter Simonsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Salt Deposition ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Use Efficiency

Severe spruce decline in Denmark at the end of the 1980s led to investigations of the physiology and genetics of the decline and the importance of sea salt deposition. Narrow-sense heritability of health in a progeny trial with 8-year-old Norway spruce families (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was 0.58. Broad-sense heritability in a seed orchard with clones from ortets of southeastern European origin was 0.53. The health of the ortets correlated with family and clone health. Health of families and clones were not correlated. The health of three spruce provenances in the progeny trial varied from 6.3 to 7.7 on a 0-9 scale. Salt stress responses of 12 two-year-old open-ollinated families from the above clones were investigated after dipping branches into different salt solutions. Photosynthesis and transpiration decreased with increasing salt deposition, respiration increased, and water use efficiency increased initially and decreased later. Correlations between field health and physiological salt responses suggested that airborne salt predisposes to spruce decline rather than triggers it. Health of Norway spruce is unlikely to be improved by salt-resistance selection in the laboratory but may be improved by low transpiration and high water use efficiency selection. Visible injuries were primarily determined by the amount of salt taken up.

scholarly journals Root vitality of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus petraea Liebl. and Acer pseudoplatanus L. in mature mixed forest stand

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Dorota Grygoruk
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Root Vitality ◽  
Sycamore Maple

AbstractThe main task of the present study was to investigate the root vitality of common beech Fagus sylvatica L., sessile oak Quercus petraea Liebl. and sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus L. in the optimal g rowth conditions in south-western Poland. The study was carried out in 130-year-old mixed stand located within natural range of studied tree species. The density of roots (g/100 cm3of soil) and biomass of fine roots (g/m2) in topsoil layers (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm) were determined in the tree biogroups of the same species. The mean total root density ranged from 0.248 to 0.417 g/100 cm3in the 0-5 cm soil layer, and it decreased in the deeper soil layer (5-15 cm). There were found no statistically significant differences of total root densities between tree biogroups in topsoil layers. Diversity of fine root biomass was comparable in the tree biogroups (H’ = 1.5), but common beech showed more intensive growth of fine roots in the topsoil 0-15 cm when compared to sessile oak and sycamore maple. The results of the study point out the stability of the multi-species structure of the mixed stand studied, and consequently - the ability of beech, sessile oak and sycamore maple trees to coexist in the mixed stands - in the area of natural range of these species.

scholarly journals Towards new seed orchard designs in Germany – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Heike Liesebach ◽  
Katharina Liepe ◽  
Cornelia Bäucker
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract New first and 1.5 generation seed orchards are to be created in Germany based on recently assembled breeding populations of Acer pseudoplatanus, Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Quercus sp. To justify the high expenses in time and cost for orchard establishment and maintenance, planning should make use of consolidated knowledge and experience of both the national and international scientific community. Here, we briefly describe advances in genetic gains achieved through tree breeding, and resume population genetic aspects and design considerations to draw conclusions for clonal composition and spatial design of the new orchards. We conclude that to avoid outbreeding depression separate orchards are required for each breeding zone. The zones are species-specific and defined by ecological and climatic aspects. A minimum of 60-80 clones per orchard is recommended for native tree species with high proportions of natural regeneration in forest practice. This would allow future selective thinning based on estimated breeding values from progeny testing. It would also permit the transfer of seed orchard progenies into a naturally regenerating forest stands without the risk of a genetic bottleneck. Lower clone numbers are appropriate for non-native species and hybrids. It is important to strictly avoid inbreeding depression, achieved by using only one clone per progeny or population, from which the plus trees were selected. Further, the spatial layout should promote random mating by optimizing the neighbourhood of each clone. With all of these considerations taken into account, we expect superior quality traits and at least 10-15 % more volume from the new seed orchards.

EFFECT OF PRUNING TIME ON GROWTH, WOUND CLOSURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SYCAMORE MAPLE (ACER PSEUDOPLATANUS L.)

2013 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fini ◽  
F. Ferrini ◽  
P. Frangi ◽  
R. Piatti ◽  
M. Faoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Closure ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Sycamore Maple

scholarly journals New Gallotannin and other Phytochemicals from Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Zong-Cai Tu ◽  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Hang Ma ◽  
Daniel B. Niesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Sycamore Maple ◽  
Clinical Drug

The maple (Acer) genus is a reported source of bioactive (poly)phenols, including gallotannins, but several of its members, such as the sycamore maple (A. pseudoplatanus). remain uninvestigated. Herein, thirty-nine compounds, including a new gallotannin, 1,2,3-tri- O-galloyl-6- O-( p-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), and thirty-eight (2-39) known compounds, consisting of four gallotannins, one ellagitannin, thirteen flavonoids, eight hydroxycinnamic acids, ten benzoic acid derivatives, and two sesquiterpenoids, were isolated from sycamore maple leaves. Their structures were determined based on NMR and mass spectral analyses. The isolates were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Among the isolates, the gallotannins were the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors with thirteen-fold more potent activity compared with the clinical drug, acarbose (IC50 = 16–31 vs. 218 μM). Similarly, the gallotannins showed the highest antioxidant activities, followed by the other phenolic sub-classes, while the sesquiterpenoids were inactive.

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