Case Report: Can Inhaled Adenosine Attenuate COVID-19?

This case report demonstrates a small repetition of the case series carried out in Italy wherein inhaled adenosine was administered to patients experiencing severe and worsening coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The two cases are important not only because they were the first of their type in the United States, but also because both patients were DNR/DNI and were therefore expected to die. Study repetition is vitally important in medicine. New work in pharmacology hypothesizes that adenosine-regulator proteins may play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, adenosine, by interacting with cell receptor sites, has pluripotent effects upon inflammatory cells, is anti-inflammatory, and is important in tissue hypoxia signaling. Inhaled adenosine is potentially safe; thousands have received it for asthmatic challenge testing. The effects of adenosine in these two cases were rapid, positive, and fit the pharmacologic hypotheses (as seen in prior work in this journal) and support its role as a therapeutic nucleoside.

A poetic function in an expanding context: title — monoverse — polytext (on the example of Ivan Zhdanov's poetry)

The article analyses the poetic function as a mechanism for the semantic and composi­tional structuring of the text. The research aims to study repetition and parallelism, expand­ing the context from the heading to the minimal text and the textual unity within a poetic book and forming micro- and metacycles with movable boundaries. The material of the re­search is Ivan Zhdanov's monoverses, which were considered both immanently and as part of the book. The main methods of research are semantic, contextual and distributive analysis. The author concludes that the heading, interpreting the text, sets its reference, and the mono­verse is both a self-sufficient text and an aphoristic expression of many other texts in which the keywords forming it are found. They represent a synthetic proposition corresponding to the set of all poetic statements ‘about the same’. The article also examines referential, semantic and compositional metatropes that combine texts into micro- and metacycles.

Music and Its Familiarity Affection on Audience Decision Making

<p class="Default"><em>This article discuss a problem regarding the lack of using familiar music and its effect on audience decision making to buy advertised products or services. This study is to help the experts to maintain young audience focus while selling their products or services more effective using the familiar music in the advertisement content. The utilization method used for this study was in-depth interview, involved with ten informants which covered experts from academicians, advertising practitioners and musicians. It based on snowball sampling, because not all these experts have the knowledge on this issue. The Elaboration Likelihood Model was applied to show the process of decision making. Thematic analysis used to analyze two themes emerged from this study; Repetition of Musical Tone as Remembrance. This study may provide contribution in terms of ideas for music and advertising industry producing familiar catchy musical sound for their purpose.</em></p><p class="Default"> </p>

Use of the Aplysia feeding network to study repetition priming of an episodic behavior

Many central pattern generator (CPG)-mediated behaviors are episodic, meaning that they are not continuously ongoing; instead, there are pauses between bouts of activity. This raises an interesting possibility, that the neural networks that mediate these behaviors are not operating under “steady-state” conditions; i.e., there could be dynamic changes in motor activity as it stops and starts. Research in the feeding system of the mollusk Aplysia californica has demonstrated that this can be the case. After a pause, initial food grasping responses are relatively weak. With repetition, however, responses strengthen. In this review we describe experiments that have characterized cellular/molecular mechanisms that produce these changes in motor activity. In particular, we focus on cumulative effects of modulatory neuropeptides. Furthermore, we relate Aplysia research to work in other systems and species, and develop a hypothesis that postulates that changes in response magnitude are a reflection of an efficient feeding strategy.

Learning Neurology

This chapter on “Learning Neurology” examines methods of visual display as an effective way of enhancing learning, and it discusses teaching approaches to help others learn neurology. In learning neurology, memorizing “normal” anatomy is initially helpful, but the advanced learner or practicing neurologist must be always aware of and sensitive to the normal variations that occur in neurological anatomy. In teaching, one cannot anticipate which statements will hit home with a student; one can only hope that something one utters will affect the student’s future thinking or put him on a path of study. Repetition is the fundamental pedagogical principle, and the neurologic educator must remember its importance.