Coverage Criteria for State-Based Testing

State-based testing (SBT) is known as deriving test cases from state machines and examining the dynamic behaviour of the system. It helps to identify various types of state-based faults within a system under test (SUT). For SBT, test cases are generated from state chart diagrams based on various coverage criteria such as All Transition, Round Trip Path, All Transition Pair, All Transition Pair with length 2, All Transition Pair with length 3, All Transition Pair of length 4 and Full Predicate. This article discuses a number of coverage criteria at the design level to find out various types of state-based faults in SBT. First, the intermediate graph is generated from a state chart diagram using an XML parser. The graph is traversed based on the given coverage criteria to generate a sequence of test cases. Then, mutation testing and sneak-path testing are applied on the generated test cases to check the effectiveness of the generated test suite. These two are common methods for checking the effectiveness of test cases. Mutation testing helps in the number of seeded errors covered whereas sneak-path testing basically helps to examine the unspecified behavior of the system. In round trip path (RTP), it is not possible to cover all paths. All transition is not an adequate level of fault detection with more execution time compared to all transition pair (ATP) with length 4 (LN4). In the discussion, ATP with LN4 is the best among all coverage criteria. SBT can able to detect various state-based faults-incorrect transition, missing transition, missing or incorrect event, missing or incorrect action, extra missing or corrupt state, which are difficult to detect in code-based testing. Most of these state-based faults can be avoided, if the testing is conducted at the early phase of design.

Aplikasi Pelayanan Public Address System Badan Usaha Bandar Udara Hang Nadim Batam Berbasis Web

Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sebuah sistem atau aplikasi untuk mempermudah pihak pengelola Bandara yaitu BUBU BP Batam, dalam memonitoring pengguna PAS yang ada di areal Bandara Hang Nadim Batam, dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan permohonan PAS bagi masyarakat ataupun pekerja dalam pengajuan kepemilikan PAS Bandara. Dengan konsep metode Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model waterfall oleh Rosa. A, dan Shalahuddin, (2018) yang memiliki empat tahapan yaitu Analisa kebutuhan perangkat lunak, desain, kode, dan pengujian sistem karena bagi penulis konsep tersebut lebih mudah dipahami untuk pengembangan sistem. Dan penggunaan sebelas diagram UML (Unified Modeling Language) yang terdiri dari Use case Diagram, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Class Diagram, Object Diagram, Deployment Diagram,Communication Diagram, State Machine/State Chart Diagram, Package diagram, Component Diagram, Interaction Overview Diagram dapat membantu penulis mendeskripsikan setiap proses interaksi data pada Aplikasi PAS. Aplikasi ini sangat bermanfaat bagi admin screening dan admin Avsec dalam pengelolaan data pemohon PAS, dengan tampilan framework Boostrap cukup membantu pengguna sistem dalam penggunaannya. Dan peningkatan sistem pengingat dan keamanan dalam pengembangan sistem dapat dijadikan referensi bagi peneliti selanjutnya, dengan kombinasi mobile app agar sistem lebih fleksibel.

Comparison of Hardwired and Microprogrammed Statechart Implementations

In scientific facilities such as particle accelerators, fast and jitter-free synchronization is required in order to trigger a large number of actuators at the right time in a variety of situations. The behaviour of the control systems and subsystems may be specified by using statechart diagrams, which expand the capabilities of finite state machines allowing concurrency, a hierarchy of states, and history. Hence, there is a need of tools for synthesizing those diagrams so that a new control configuration may be deployed in a short time and an error-free manner in the required environments. In this work, we present a tool that analyses the specification of a variant of the State Chart XML (SCXML) standard tailored to hardware systems and produces a hardware description language (HDL) code suited to implement the required control systems using FPGAs. A number of solutions are provided to deal with the specific features of statecharts, such as multiple triggering events and concurrent super-states. We also present a microprogrammed architecture able to implement statecharts defined as firmware. Finally, we compare the advantages of each strategy in terms of usability, resource usage, and performance, and their applicability to a specific facility is evaluated.

Flower Pollination Algorithm for Effective Test Case Optimization in Software Testing

Software testing is measured as an significant way to guarantee software reliability and trustworthiness. Test case optimization shows a major role in software testing and quite a few methods are proposed to improve the fitness of the test case. The effect required to build the software is termed as cost. The fitness value is evaluated over the software that is later considered as cost value and an increase in the fitness value decrease the cost of the software. In this research, the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is proposed for the test case optimization. FPA is the recently developed algorithm and this is developed based on the function of the flower pollination. The local and global optimization is processed in the ATM machine software and a test case is optimized in the software. The ATM machine function is represented in State chart diagram graph and Sequence diagram graph. Then these two graphs are combined for the effective representation of the withdrawal process. The FPA algorithm has better convergence characteristics than the other Meta heuristic algorithm. The proposed FPA algorithm has a higher fitness value for the test case data is 52.06 %, while existing method has a higher fitness value for the test case data is 45 %.

Model-Based Test Suite Generation Using Mutation Analysis for Fault Localization

Fault localization techniques reduce the effort required when debugging software, as revealed by previous test cases. However, many test cases are required to reduce the number of candidate fault locations. To overcome this disadvantage, various methods were proposed to reduce fault-localization costs by prioritizing test cases. However, because a sufficient number of test cases is required for prioritization, the test-case generation cost remains high. This paper proposes a test-case generation method using a state chart to reduce the number of test suites required for fault localization, minimizing the test-case generation and execution times. The test-suite generation process features two phases: fault-detection test-case generation and fault localization in the test cases. Each phase uses mutation analysis to evaluate test cases; the results are employed to improve the test cases according to the objectives of each phase, using genetic algorithms. We provide useful guidelines for application of a search-based mutational method to a state chart; we show that the proposed method improves fault-localization performance in the test-suite generation phase.

Graphical user interfaces in the X stack

“XML Everywhere” isn't just a slogan: it actually works, up and down the XML application stack. Recent developments, such as the inclusion of custom elements in HTML5, allow the declarative approach of XML to come into the browser/server interaction. XForms, supported by SVG and CSS, can serve as the basis for a graphical user interface. A custom WebSocket element can support client-to-client and server-push communication of XML data. Applications of State Chart XML (SCXML) mean that the “XML Everywhere” approach can be extended all the way to models of operations in an application. Interactive games offer living proof of the stack.