Effect of Humic Acid Binder on Oxidation Roasting of Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Pellets via Straight-Grate Process

The oxidation roasting of vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) pellets with a new composite binder was investigated using a pilot-scale straight-grate. The evolution of the chemical and phase composition, the compressive strength, and the metallurgical properties of the fired VTM pellets were investigated. Under a preheating temperature of 950 ∘C, a preheating time of 18 min, a firing temperature of 1300 ∘C, and a firing time of 10 min, the compressive strength of the fired pellets was as high as 2344 N per pellet. The fired pellets mainly consisted of hematite, pseudobrookite, spinel and olivine. The total iron content of the fired pellets was 0.97% higher using 0.75 wt% humic acid (HA) binder instead of 1.5 wt% bentonite binder. These properties are beneficial for the production efficiency and energy efficiency of their subsequent use in blast furnaces. Moreover, both the softening interval and the softening melting interval of the HA binder pellets were narrower than those of the bentonite binder pellets, conducive to the smooth and successful smelting of the VTM pellets in a blast furnace.

Metallurgical properties of iron ore pellet when using lime powder instead of bentonite

This paper reported effects of lime powder and bentonite binder using in iron ore pelletization on metallurgical properties of pellets as green strength, compressive strength and degree of reduction. The investigated pellets contain 0, 1 and 2 mass % of lime powder and 2, 1 and 0 mass % of bentonite, respectively. Green balls were dried (105 °c for 24 hours) then heated at 1200 °c for 30 minutes. The reductibility of fired pellets was examined at different temperatures of 900, 1000 and 1100 °c with various holding time (45, 90 and 120 minutes). The results showed that the combination of 1 mass % of bentonite and 1 mass % of lime powder in the pellet gave the most apropriate metallurgical properties of pellets as green strength, porosity and degree of reduction. This material charging ratio can be recommended for application in manufacturing of the pellet.

Synthesis of menthol from citronellal over supported Ru- and Pt-catalysts in continuous flow

One-pot menthol synthesis in a trickle bed reactor was investigated using Ru/H-beta-300 extrudates without any binder and Pt- and Ru/H-beta-25 extrudates containing 30 wt% bentonite binder using different methods of metal loading on the extrudates.

Analisys of casting defects and mechanical properties on Al-Si alloys using Bangkalan local clays as sand casting binder

This research is aimed to know the defect of castings, tensile strength, and hardness of Al-Si alloy to the variation of binder. The research method used is descriptive quantitative research method. This beacuse the data is expressed in the form of numbers. This research uses pre-experimental research design using one-shot case study model. Based on the results of the study, it was found that most pinhole defects were owned by specimens using 90% bentonite binder that is 59 defects. Whereas the pinhole defect which is at least owned by the specimens using banngkalan local clay binder 9% that is 31 defects. The most common open grain structure defect is owned by metal casting specimens using a 9% bentonite binder, which is 81 defects. Whereas the defect of open grain structure is at least owned by the specimen result of casting of metal clad with bangkalan local clay 3% which amounted to 40 defects. The result of the research using bangkalan local clay binder of 9% has higher tensile strength than other binder. This is because the characteristic of bangkalan local clay which has a high content of calcium (Ca) is 92,81%. The value of the tensile strength of the bangkalan local clay is 12,8712 (kg/mm2), whereas the bentonite which is said to be the ideal binder for the mold has a tensile strength of 10,1612 (kg/mm2). The highest hardness value is owned by Al-Si alloy casting specimen with bend mixture variation of bangkalan local clay 9% that is 128,033 HV. While the lowest hardness value is owned by Al-Si alloy casting foundry with 9% bentonite binder 114,4 HV.

Effect of Bentonite Binder on Adsorption and Cation Exchange Properties of Granulated Nano NaY Zeolite

In order to investigate the effect of bentonite binder on adsorption and cation exchange properties of granulated nano NaY zeolite, the adsorption of Xe and N2 and removal of Sr2+ ion from aqueous solution was studied. The results showed that increase in bentonite content of granules from 20 to 40 weight percent caused increase in the rupture load of granules by 232%, decrease in BET surface area by 66% and lower the Sr2+ uptake percentage by 35%. The Henry’s law constant, heat of adsorption, effective crystal diffusivity as well as activation energy of diffusion of Xe over granulated nano NaY with 25% bentonite was also measured by pulse chromatography method. Obtained results were compared with similar results of binderless micron sized NaY material. Results indicated that although the adsorption of xenon on the binder of bentonite was negligible, the diffusion resistance created by this binder was significant such that the effective crystal diffusivity in the granules with 25% binder determined to be 4302 percent lower than the granules with no binder.