The System Of Employing Migrant Workers In Uzbekistan Through Private Employment Agencies: An Analysis Of Existing Problems

The consequences and reasons of the activities of private employment agencies in regulation of migration in the context of demographic, environmental, social and general legal approaches in society are studied in this article. Migrants who left Uzbekistan to work abroad for twenty-five years, their geography and its main reasons are analyzed. In the last two years, permission for private employment agencies in Uzbekistan to carry out their activities, their activity of sending migrants abroad has been based on insufficient legal and economic protection of migrants. At the same time, various specialists, skilled workers and simply passionate people (creators of their own destiny) left their homeland for political or economic reasons. Some of them leave to earn money temporarily and some leave to live in a new place. As a result, these individuals tried to find their place in another society. The activities of private employment agencies and the reasons for emigration from Uzbekistan show that only through concrete economic and legal measures Uzbekistan can protect its citizens from human trafficking and fraud.

The effect of capital gains tax exemptions in non-agricultural private employment in Puerto Rico

We analyze the effect of a capital gains tax exemption in employment in Puerto Rico. Actual employment was not different from what was expected based on counterfactual scenarios where the change in policy did not happen. Results suggest that the change in policy had a null effect on the three sectors where this policy sought to increase employment.

Regulation of the private employment agencies’ status as participants in relations in the field of non-standard forms of employment

The article is devoted to the study of the legal status of private employment agencies. International and European standards in the regulation of private employment agencies are analyzed. The status of private employment agencies in foreign countries as bodies that promote and secure employment of the population has been investigated. Mainly hermeneutic, statistical and functional research methods have been applied. the etiology of the emergence and revision of the traditional concept of labor relations during the collapse of the Soviet system and the beginning of the formation of market relations in the 1990s is investigated. It is established that during the first post-Soviet decade old legal norms of doing business remained; the informal economy flourished in real labor relations; the question of liberalization of labor law was raised at the beginning of the third millennium. In the economic situation, there is a growing demand for loan work. As a rule, such services are provided by representatives of multinational companies, national companies with complex organizational structure and well-established budgeting system, companies undergoing reorganization. According to expert estimates, about 100,000 people are currently employed in loan work in Ukraine, and in view of the new tax rules, this figure is expected to increase by at least half. At the same time, it is concluded that in addition to classical employment in modern Europe and in the world as a whole, there are other forms of employment, in particular its atypical form - borrowed labor (loan). Given the growing role of private employment agencies in the world, including in addressing unemployment, it is necessary to regulate much of the important conditions of borrowing that have been left out of Ukrainian law, which could adversely affect the level of protection of the rights and legitimate interests of workers. The conclusion is made about the expediency of improving the legal regulation of the status of private employment agencies and relations in the sphere of employment and in the national labor legislation of Ukraine.

Principal-Agent Relation and Contracting-out for Employment Case Management to Enable Third-Country Nationals’ Transition to Work

This paper analyzes the role of public and private employment-service agencies in contracting-out for employment case management under principal-agency relation to understand young third-country immigrants’ transition to work in Czechia, Poland, and Hungary. Existing research pointed to contracting-out as a major trend in public-service reforms when the government (principal) hires private employment agencies (agents) to perform service delivery, but overall the control of standards and the accountability to the public remains with the authority. Although the principal-agency relation shows human beings as rational and opportunist in corporate governance, there is still little research in CEE countries explaining the role of public and private employment agencies under principal-agency relation in contracting-out for case management to understand young third-country immigrants’ transition to work. Based on a qualitative cross-national case-oriented research approach with fewer-country comparison, documents and scholastic texts are collected and analyzed by means of a document and content analysis technique to fill in this gap. The findings show that open information, regulation, and monitoring administrative devices are a major perceived influence in principal-agency relational governance with a lack of cooperation that may impair the quality and service when looking at issues such as employment-related transition of young third-country immigrants and socio-economically disadvantaged groups in a contracting-out setting. The study demonstrated certain decentralized new public administration governance similarities but dissimilarities from the country’s institutional context. The outcome points to regulatory administrative devices to target agencies’ behavior and young vulnerable people’s need for paid work. This is relevant to performance monitoring in contemporary fluid society targeting benefits and scarce resources that may not only constrain ethnic minorities’ upward mobility, but the economy and the social cohesion process.