The System Of Employing Migrant Workers In Uzbekistan Through Private Employment Agencies: An Analysis Of Existing Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (08) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Bekzod Musaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Private Employment ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Employment Agencies

The consequences and reasons of the activities of private employment agencies in regulation of migration in the context of demographic, environmental, social and general legal approaches in society are studied in this article. Migrants who left Uzbekistan to work abroad for twenty-five years, their geography and its main reasons are analyzed. In the last two years, permission for private employment agencies in Uzbekistan to carry out their activities, their activity of sending migrants abroad has been based on insufficient legal and economic protection of migrants. At the same time, various specialists, skilled workers and simply passionate people (creators of their own destiny) left their homeland for political or economic reasons. Some of them leave to earn money temporarily and some leave to live in a new place. As a result, these individuals tried to find their place in another society. The activities of private employment agencies and the reasons for emigration from Uzbekistan show that only through concrete economic and legal measures Uzbekistan can protect its citizens from human trafficking and fraud.

Employers, Recruiters, and Workers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Martin
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Foreign Earnings ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Skilled Migrant

Low-skilled migrant workers often pay high fees to work abroad, which reduces the remittances they can send to their families and is regressive because low-skilled workers pay more than high-skilled workers. No one knows exactly how much workers pay, justifying more data on this in order to reduce worker-paid costs. Media exposés of workers who paid a year’s foreign earnings to get a two-year contract may leave the impression that all workers pay such high fees, although the data collected from workers in diverse corridors do not support such a conclusion. Since the number of low-skilled workers often exceeds the number of jobs, worker willingness to pay can be a way of allocating scarce jobs among workers, although government efforts to limit what workers pay can drive payments underground.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PUBLIC RELATIONS PT INDOTAMA KARYA GEMILANG DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN PROSES PROSEDURAL TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Mareta Puri Rahastine ◽  
Silvina Mayasari ◽  
Natasha Sasmita
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Employment Training ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
The Government ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Depth Interviews

Indonesian Workers (TKI) are domestic workers who work abroad. TKI is the largest foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. For official migrant workers, they will receive employment training conducted at the Overseas Employment Training Center which is managed by Indonesian Manpower Services Distributors as their suppliers abroad. Since the height of the news about Human Trafficking / non-procedural human trafficking has become a special concern by the Indonesian government, various ways of prevention are carried out by the government together with related official institutions. The author uses descriptive-qualitative research method, which is done by direct observation and in-depth interviews with the parties concerned, and the data collected later on analysis by descriptive analysis by describing the results of research in the form of research reports. With the holding of campaigns by the government and related institutions such as that carried out by PT Indotama Karya Gemilang about understanding the importance of the procedural process for migrant workers, they can add their understanding of the process procedurally. 

Merchants of Labor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Martin
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Migration Costs

Merchants of labor are the intermediary recruiters between workers in one country and employers in another. They have a checkered history, often associated with trickery or coercion to fill undesirable jobs, from finding soldiers in ancient Rome and sailors in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to moving low-skilled workers over borders today. Moving workers over borders is a big business, generating at least $10 billion a year from 10 million workers each paying $1,000 to work abroad. UN agencies such as the International Labor Organization want employers to pay all of the costs of the workers they recruit, and the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 call on governments to cooperate to reduce worker-paid migration costs. Governments try to reduce worker-paid migration costs by setting maximum fees that recruiters can charge and punishing violators. However, there are not enough complaints and inspectors to detect overcharging, which can be a victimless crime if workers get what they want, a job abroad that pays higher wages. Merchants of Labor explores the potential of government incentives to encourage recruiters to better protect migrant workers during their recruitment and deployment. Faster processing, exemptions from taxes and subsidies, and awards could be carrots to reduce worker-paid costs rather than rely exclusively on the stick of enforcement.

scholarly journals Latvian Migrants in Foreign Labour Markets: Job Placement and Discrimination

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Aivars Tabuns
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Job Placement ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Private Employment ◽  
Employment Agencies

Abstract The majority of migrants from Latvia move abroad intending to work, and so fall into the category of ‘work migrants’. A crucial role in their job placement is played by an increasingly complex network of intermediaries. This includes formal employment agencies, more informal, social network-based mediators and even illegal service providers. Despite the agencies providing job placements abroad being subject to regulations, fraud and the mistreatment of jobseekers has emerged as a cause for concern. Even when there is no ill will from the intermediaries, immigrant workers often suffer discrimination from their employers, sometimes leading to a re-evaluation of their return migration plans. This chapter explores the employment conditions of Latvian migrant workers. It analyses the operation of private employment agencies offering employment abroad and, in more general terms, sheds light from the Latvian migrant workers’ perspective on their treatment by employers. In doing so, this analysis demonstrates that almost a fifth of those respondents who used the services of private employment agencies had experienced unfair treatment. Moreover, at least one in three Latvian migrant workers encountered some form of discrimination at work, and around one in six were in a precarious and vulnerable position due to the nature of their employment contract. The chapter concludes with recommendations for further studies and policy development.

scholarly journals TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT OF LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES

Social Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. Pohorelova
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Private Employment ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation ◽  
Employment Agencies

In the framework of the article topical issues that need improvement in the field of activity of private employment agencies were considered. Taking into account the increasing number of cases when people could find a job thorough such agencies, particularly, migrant workers. Proper legal regulation of the activity of such workers is needed and harmonize national legislation with international legal standards. Proposals for adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On private Employment Agencies» were introduced. Also, amendments to the legislation on licensing of such agencies were proposed. Ratification of ILO Convention No. 181 “On Private Employment Agencies” will allow for universal approaches to the functioning and development of employment agencies, while providing flexibility in conjunction with the protection of workers' rights, as international standards must be adhered to when engaging with employment agencies. Ratification of the aforementioned Convention should be accompanied by improvements in the legislation in the field, in particular the development and adoption of a separate Law of Ukraine “On Private Employment Agencies” must be drafted and adopted. The necessity of adopting a separate law is conditioned by a large number of issues that need to be addressed in the field of activity of private employment agencies and not overburdened by these provisions of the Labor Code (and subsequently the new Labor Code). This Law should bring to the foremost the conceptual apparatus, in particular, regarding the concept of employment lambs. It is necessary to define clearly the concept of employment agencies, to determine the list of services that such employment agencies can provide, in particular, to define the activities of agencies, to determine the possibility of charging for services by such employment agencies and to what extent the rights and responsibilities between an employer and a private employment agency. Also, legislation on licensing of such employment agencies needs to be improved, in particular, it is not necessary to provide for a procedure for licensing employment agencies operating in Ukraine.

The ILO and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: labour migration, decent work and implementation of the Compact with specific reference to the Arab states region

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-320
Author(s):  
Ryszard Cholewinski
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Arab States

AbstractThis paper explores the role played by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in the consultations and stocktaking during 2017 and the negotiations during 2018 leading up to the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). It examines selected parts of the text of the GCM, with particular reference to the ILO's mandate of securing social justice and decent work, as well as the protection of migrant workers and governance of labour migration. The final part of the paper looks ahead to the ILO's role in the implementation of the GCM, with specific reference to the Arab states region, where migration for employment is significant and the governance challenges, particularly in relation to the protection of low-wage and low-skilled workers, are especially acute.

Measuring the Hidden Numbers of Human Trafficking Through Multiple Systems Estimation: Lessons Learned and Challenges Outstanding

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872098719
Author(s):  
Davina Durgana ◽  
Jan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Further Development

This article takes stock of studies conducted in eight countries to estimate the prevalence of human trafficking by employing the technique of Multiple Systems Estimation on data on victims of human trafficking recorded by state and non-state institutions. It presents an overview of MSE-based prevalence estimates of human trafficking victims per 100,000 inhabitants of these countries, disaggregated by type of exploitation, gender, and age. For some countries it also presents the different likelihoods of various sub-categories of trafficking victims, such as minors and migrant workers, to be detected by authorities and/or NGOs. Next, the article recounts what these studies have taught us about the suitability of applying MSE on existing multi-source databases to estimate the prevalence of trafficking victimization. The article concludes with a discussion on the promises and limitations of MSE and its prospects for further development, especially among developed nations.

scholarly journals Using Global Migration Law to Prevent Human Trafficking

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Janie A. Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Labor Trafficking ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Migration Law

Our understanding of human trafficking has changed significantly since 2000, when the international community adopted the first modern antitrafficking treaty—the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol). Policy attention has expanded beyond a near-exclusive focus on sex trafficking to bring long-overdue attention to nonsexual labor trafficking. That attention has helped surface how the lack of international laws and institutions pertaining to labor migration can enable—if not encourage—the exploitation of migrant workers. Many migrant workers throughout the world labor under conditions that do not qualify as trafficking yet suffer significant rights violations for which access to protection and redress is limited. Failing to attend to these “lesser” abuses creates and sustains vulnerability to trafficking.

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