The Associations of Body Image Perception with Serum Resistin Levels in Highly Trained Adolescent Estonian Rhythmic Gymnasts

Rhythmic gymnasts (RGs) are more likely to be dissatisfied with their body mass and shape compared to untrained controls (UCs). However, due to the lack of information, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations of body image perception (BIP) with body composition, daily energy consumption and different blood biochemical markers in adolescent RGs compared to UCs. Thirty-three highly trained RG girls and 20 UC girls aged 14–18 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Height, body mass, body composition, energy intake, resting energy expenditure, training volume and different blood biochemical markers were measured. The body attitude test (BAT) was used to evaluate the BIP of the participants. There were no differences in the total BAT scores between the groups. In RGs, the BAT score correlated positively with the serum resistin level (r = 0.35; p = 0.047). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 40.8% of the variability in the BAT score was determined by resistin and BMI. The association of BIP with resistin values was observed only in RGs. In conclusion, our findings add to the increasing evidence that resistin may be a link between BIP and body composition, most likely through fat mass, in adolescent female RGs.

Contraste del Modelo Jerárquico Tetrafactorial para el Test de Actitud Corporal en Mujeres Mexicanas

El Body Attitude Test (BAT) fue desarrollado para evaluar la experiencia subjetiva hacia el propio cuerpo y las actitudes que se tienen con el mismo en muestra clínica de mujeres con desórdenes alimentarios. Objetivo. Este estudio toma la versión en español del BAT y analiza su estructura, su consistencia interna e invarianza factorial en una muestra de adolescentes mexicanas. Método. Se usó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar la estructura factorial subyacente e identificar la validez de constructo del modelo de medición, así como se realizó un análisis de la invarianza factorial. Participantes. La muestra se conformó por 571 mujeres con una media de edad de 15.2 (DE=2.51). Resultados. El análisis de consistencia interna mostró una alta confiabilidad para el conjunto de 20 ítems igual a la propuesta original. La estructura tetrafactorial fue confirmada en el total de la muestra mediante una validación cruzada de la misma, dividida en pares y nones obteniendo valores de bondad de ajuste adecuados (χ2/gl = 3.615; RMSEA = .068; CFI = .917; TLI = .903; IFI=.917; NFI= .889). La estructura modelada fue estrictamente invariante en los grupos analizados de preadolescentes y adolescentes. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el BAT posee propiedades psicométricas apropiadas para población no clínica de adolescentes, no obstante se requieren de futuras investigaciones que incluyan población clínica.

Turkish version of body attitude test: Its reliability and validity

IntroductionBreast cancer (BC) may cause problems on body perception and awareness which can be perceived as a threat on body attitude among women with breast cancer.ObjectivesThe Body Attitude Test (BAT) assesses subjective attitude toward women's own body.AimThe aim of the present study was to develop the Turkish version of the BAT and examine its reliability and validity.MethodsThe study group (SD) consisted of 72 women diagnosed with BC while 100 healthy women (HW). The women evaluated by BAT, Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and Self Esteem Inventory (SEI) in 7–10 days intervals. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Factor analysis was conducted on BAT ratings given by control group.ResultsThe mean age was 43.7 ± 8.76 of women with BC while 46.4 ± 10.84 in HW. Mean duration of cancer was 2.4 ± 0.7 years. Factor analysis showed BAT was composed of two factors as body dissatisfaction and lack of familiarity with one's body. The BAT demonstrates satisfactory level of internal reliability (α = 0.932). BAT was related with EDI subscales: drive for thinness (r = 0.741, P < 0.001), ineffectiveness (r = 0.736, P < 0.001) and body dissatisfaction (P = 0.718, P < 0.001) and SEI subscale: familial self-esteem (r = -0.629, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results support the validity and reliability of BAT which is able to differentiate the clinical and non-clinical form of subjective attitude toward women's own body. Turkish version of BAT could be used as an appropriate measure for assessing subjective attitude towards own body in women with and without breast cancer in Turkey.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The body self-awareness among women practicing fitness: a preliminary study

The purposes of the present study were to explore the relationship between body awareness and negative body attitude, interoceptive body awareness and physical self in women practicing fitness as well as to analyze the determinants of body awareness. The Body Awareness Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and the Body Attitude Test were applied to 43 women practicing fitness and 32 non-fitness practitioners. Bodily self-awareness was connected with greater fitness practitioners’ interoceptive body awareness and greater physical self. Noticing and global esteem predicted body awareness in women practicing fitness.

Measuring body image: Psychometric properties and construct validity of the Hungarian version of Body Attitude Test

A Testi Attitűdök Tesztje (BAT) hazánkban is széles körben alkalmazott mérőeszköz, tudomásunk szerint azonban mindeddig nem történt meg a kérdőív magyar változatának nagyobb mintán végzett, széles körű pszichometriai elemzése. Vizsgálatunk ezt tűzte ki célul. Keresztmetszeti, kérdőíves kutatásunk résztvevői normális súlyú egyetemi hallgatónők, valamint egy munkahelyi életmód-változtató program női résztvevői voltak. Az adatgyűjtés során az alábbi mérőeszközöket használtuk: Testi Attitűdök Tesztje, Emberalakrajzok Tesztje, Rosenberg Önértékelési skála, Vonásszorongás skála. A konfirmatív faktorelemzés eredményei szerint a BAT belső struktúrája elfogadhatóan illeszkedik a vizsgált mintákon aProbst, Vandereyckenés munkatársai (1995) által evészavarban szenvedő nőkön azonosított faktorstruktúrához. A mérőeszköz megbízhatóságának mutatói (belső megbízhatóság, teszt-reteszt reliabilitás) kiválónak bizonyultak. A kérdőív konstruktum validitása is alátámasztást nyert. A kritérium validitást alátámasztják a testtömeg-indexszel és a saját alak méretének szubjektív megítélésével való pozitív korrelációk. A konvergens validitást pedig alátámasztja, hogy a kérdőív és alskálái egyaránt pozitív irányú kapcsolatot mutatnak a testképpel való elégedetlenség egy további mutatójával (nevezetesen az alakra vonatkozó én-énideál diszkrepanciával), valamint a vonásszorongással. A kedvezőtlen testi attitűdök és élmények emellett negatív irányú kapcsolatot mutatnak az önértékeléssel.